Essay about The Process of Organ and Blood Donation

â€Å"To the world you may be one person, but to one person you may be the world.† (Anonymous) Why should people donate? People should donate organs and blood because one organ can save up to eight lives. That same donor can save or improve up to fifty people’s lives. (Unknown) More than 119,000 people are waiting for transplants each year, and that is just in the U.S. alone. (Unknown) Eighteen people die every day because they are waiting for organs and/or blood transplants. (Unknown) Each year, thousands of people die because of the need for an organ transplant or blood donation. (Unknown) Contrary to popular belief, you don’t have to be dead to be a donor! You can be a living donor! To be a living donor you must be over the age of†¦show more content†¦(Unknown) Some people think that if they become an organ donor they will not be able to have an open casket funeral. (staff) This is not true. Organ donation is done so that there is minimal disfigurement to the body. Plus, the body is clothed in the casket so there are typically no visible signs of the transplant or donation. What can be donated? This is another question frequently asked by people. You are eligible to donate eyes, heart and heart valves, lungs, liver, kidneys, intestines, pancreas, skin, bone, tendons and even femoral and saphenous veins. More than 290 people await hearts, fifty await lungs, 130 await livers, ten await intestines, one hundred await pancreases, and one hundred await both kidneys and pancreases. 8,370 await kidneys alone! Only one kidney is needed to live and sometimes people wait for kidneys anywhere from three to five years. In 2012, we had 315 kidneys donated, 194 livers, sixty four hearts, twenty eight lungs, twenty three pancreases, and four intestines. (Unknown) A question that is frequently asked is, â€Å"How do I make sure my organs get donated?† Put your wishes in writing! Put it in your will! Make sure that if you designate someone to make your healthcare decisions for you, they know your wishes. If you are under the age of eighteen, or over for that matter, it is very important to make sure your family members know that you want to donate. The deciding factor on what happens to you goes to your nextShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Organ Donation Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Organ Donation While researching about organ donation, many articles brought forth the fact of how important organ donation is. This topic, however, is a big controversy among many people, especially families. Several articles, magazines, and previous research articles all share what organ donation really is and why it is important. By being a donor, you can save many lives in the end. My goal for this paper is to bring forth the importance of organ donation. Reasons to why itRead MoreOrgan Donation And The Ethical Implications1441 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming an organ donor can save lives and improve the quality of life of the recipient. When an individual is in need of an organ transplant, it is typically known that they are in need of an organ that facilitates a restoration of physiological functioning and will often mean the difference between life and death. A vast majority of individuals are apprehensive about what happens to their bodies after their death. In this paper we will go through the origins and history of organ donation, the processRead MoreBeautiful Decision to Donate Organs Essay977 Words   |  4 Pageseven more amazing is the fact that the organ came from someone else. A generous person who decided at some point in their life to donate their organs if something happens to them. One single person could save up to 50 lives. In the United States alone, 120,000 men, women, and children are currently waiting for a transplant of some kind (â€Å"Organ Donation†, 2013). In order for someone to be considered an organ donor, blood and oxygen must flow through all organs until time of recovery to make sure thatRead MoreEssay on Organ Donation1638 Words   |  7 Pagesat the current process of procuring organs for transplantation. It will also explore technology on the horizon and alternates to donation. The waiting list for transplant surgery far exceeds the current supply. Black Market organ trade in this, as well in foreign countries is alive and well. Donation is not able to keep up with demand. We have to take measures to ensure those in the most need are taken care of. We already allow people to sell eggs, sperm and blood why not other organs? I will attemptRead MorePersuasive Speech About Organ Donation1369 Words   |  6 Pagesan organ transplant (â€Å"Data†). These people wait patientl y as death knocks on their door. In America, we can do so much to ensure that people will live on with the donations of organs. Unfortunately, many are unaware of the amount of people who are dying that are waiting for an organ. Organ donation is a great way to save someones life, and continue the life of a loved one. Although it is a great way to give someone a new life many people are uninformed about donation and how valuable organs areRead MoreAn Analysis Of Organ Donation Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Organ Donation Flashback to when you were sixteen years old. Young, naive, and about to be ruling the streets with your very own Driver’s License. You passed your written and physical driving exams, but before you are able to get your â€Å"right of passage†, you must indicate whether or not you are willing to donate your organs in the case of your death. But how does one know which box to check? It is your responsibility to educate yourself in the matter because ignorance is not alwaysRead MoreIs Organ Donation Ever Not Accepted?1221 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan donation is a successful process of removing tissues or organs surgically from one person to another (Cleveland Clinic, 2013). Many questions based on organ donation run along the lines of why people do not donate, but many do not realize that not everyone is allowed or able to donate because some people are not physically capable to have a successful transplant (Prigent et al., 2014). Meaning that the donor’s organs a re too weak, or the donor’s organs are too old, in some cases the donor andRead MorePersuasive Speech : Donating The Medical Field1273 Words   |  6 Pagesreceived the organ transplant they were needing (â€Å"Organ Donation†). Unfortunately because there aren’t enough donors, an average of 22 people die each day just waiting (â€Å"Data†). To put it in perceptive that would be the same amount of people in this room dying each day, but organs are not the only thing patients are needing. About every two seconds, one out of seven patients in the hospital will need a blood transfusion, but because only less than 10% of the population is donating blood there is aRead MoreInformative Speech on Organ Donations Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech Title: Organ Transplants General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: I want to educate my audience about organ donation matching process, the requirements to donate and to receive organs, and how donations can be found. Introduction: 1. Attention Getter: As defined by www.dictionary.com , an organ transplant is deemed an operation moving an organ from an organism (the donor) to another (the recipient). In the U.S. alone surgeons performed 5,273 liver transplants in 2008, accordingRead MoreThe Ultimate Gift: The Gift of life-Organ Donation1075 Words   |  5 Pagestakes you being an organ donor. Organ donation has negative connotation tied to its back. even though many people in todays society believe that no wrong can happen in their life but in reality we are not invincible and accidents do happen and your time will come to end sometime. The act of organ donation is a compassionate and the humane choice for a person to make. Transplantation is a modern medical marven. Despite continuing advances in medicine and technology, the need for organs and tissue is vastly

The Causes of Global Warming Essay - 567 Words

Global warming is an issue that threatens the world, but is often overlooked. This problem is an increase in the earths temperature due to fossil fuels, industries, agricultural, and man-made causes. This results in the release of greenhouse gases. As climate changes occur in our earths atmosphere buildup of greenhouse gases. There are many problems that are causing global warming, and if they are not taken serious or at least prevented there are going to be some severe issues in the near future. Global warming has been caused by the people of the world. Pollution is one of the biggest problems caused by people. No one seems to realize is that by burning fossil fuels is one thing that causes pollution. Fossil fuels are fuels†¦show more content†¦Our modern car burning gasoline is responsible for about 33% of the emission in the U.S. With our population growing at a rapid rate, the demand for more cars and consumer goods means that we are increasing the use of fossil f uels for transportation and manufacturing. A recent poll of twenty people, shows that 86% of the people think that it is a serious problem, 4% think it is not an issue, but could not give a valid answer, 10% are undecided. Some people that dont believe in global warming say that theres no scientific proof that the earth’s temperature is rising. Those who thought it is a major issue all had ideas on to if not stop global warming at least slow down the process. Natural gas is an extremely important source of energy for reducing pollution and maintaining a clean and healthy environment. As the cleanest of the fossil fuels, natural gas can be used in many ways to help reduce the emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. Burning natural gas in the place of other fossil fuels emits fewer harmful pollutants into the atmosphere, and an increased reliance on natural gas can potentially reduce the emission of many of these most harmful pollutants. The use of natural gas to power both industrial boilers and processes and the generation of electricity can significantly improve the emissions. Hybrid cars have been out on the market for a couple of years now. They use a small gasoline engine and high powered electric motor to drive the car.Show MoreRelatedThe Causes Of Global Warming Essay1705 Words   |  7 Pages Global warming has been for decades the center of discussion between intergovernmental agencies and world leaders, each forum aiming to discuss the causes of the global warming. Scientists have been in the front lie to figure out the causes of the global warming. The hurdles and the efforts to discern the causes of the global warming are to learn ways to counter the causes so as to prevent the earth from vanquishing in the detrimental effects of the global warming. Additionally, the effort to learnRead MoreThe Cause For Global Warming1279 Words   |  6 Pages2015 The Cause for Global Warming Global warming refers to the drastic change in climate. But who are the ones that cause global warming? Is it the people of earth or is it just the natural change in climate as the world ages? People claim that it’s just a natural change in climate, that the people have only a little influence on the climate. Others say that we the people are the cause for the dramatic change in climate with the greenhouse gases we emit into the atmosphere. Global warming is indeedRead MoreThe Causes for Global Warming1538 Words   |  7 Pagesof global climate over long periods of time. Climate model projections made by the US Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that, recently, global temperature has increased. This increase in temperature is referred to as global warming. One of the main causes of global warming is greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb solar radiation to keep the planet warm. These gases have increased, so more solar r adiation is trapped inside raising global temperaturesRead MoreCauses of Global Warming816 Words   |  3 Pagesatmosphere. This causes the air on Earth to contain higher kinetic energy due to the fact that more gas particles from the natural gases are colliding with the air particles. The higher kinetic energy results in higher temperature and heating of Earth’s surface. The heating of the Earth’s surface causes many of the world problems that we have today. As more and more factories and industries produce gases that pollute the world, they also increase the effects of global warming. Gas particles fromRead MoreCauses of Global Warming525 Words   |  2 PagesHave you ever thought of what is the cause to global warming? Some people still happen to believe that global warming is a made up story, which is preventing humans from advancing. While others might believe that global warming is realistic and is a man made problem. Global warming is sooner or later going t o impact you in a major way that can even change your life style. We the people need to understand that global warming can result in harmful consequences to the earth that one cannot even imagineRead MoreGlobal Warming and Its Causes1894 Words   |  8 Pagesdestroyed property of unknown value in the New Orleans region. This is a scenario that we could experience in the near future should we continue to ignore calls to address global warming issues. Should such a scenario be replicated on a global scale, the consequences would be devastating. Global Warming: An Overview Global warming according to Farrar and Mastrandrea can simply be defined as a continuing increase in Earths overall temperature (7). This increase in temperature has over time beenRead MoreThe Causes of Global Warming2456 Words   |  10 Pages Global Warming Global warming is a phrase that has been used in recent history that describes Earth’s surface temperature being warmed. Throughout history, there has been three global warming’s. They occurred in 1850; from about 1860-1880, 1915-1945, and 1975-1978 (see graph). The current warming was thought to have been generated by the discharge by man of carbon dioxide. All three of these periods of warming were divided into a period of universal cooling. The warming/cooling cycles, and theirRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects905 Words   |  4 Pagesindependent variables that are contributing to the cause of a problem the world is currently faced with, global warming. What is global warming? Well, global warming is a rise in the Earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect (which I will talk more about.) Which is when our ozone layer has a hole which gradually increases, and increases heat from the sun. This causes major problems such as the polar caps meltingRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Mitigation1319 Words   |  6 Pages Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation Introduction The topic of global warming has received a lot of attention for the past couple of decades. The massive impacts and risks posed by this phenomenon on humans and environment have been severe, thus calling for swift attention. Basically, globalization refers to the rise of average temperature of oceans and earth’s atmosphere. Global warming is a reality which has faced the human society for over aRead MoreHumans Cause Global Warming1142 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Debate Today we are debating the important topic of global warming. As the affirmative team, we strongly believe that global warming is caused by the actions of humans. But this is not just a belief, this is a fact. Global warming, by definition, is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants. The greenhouse effect is the trapping of the

Being a Man Free Essays

Being a Man in the male perspective may be projected with ease as it seems, however, masculinity or the concept of being a man in a strict sense is a trait that has an offending nature. Much of this can be attributed to the fact that the social conditions throughout history suggest that men are commonly compelled to show their masculinity in every domain of endeavor. As such, the framework from where the concept of manliness is based has created an almost irreversible plague that has gone hand in hand with history. We will write a custom essay sample on Being a Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now Manly concepts belittle the core of their female counterparts due to the fact that the masculinity rouses a sense of self-glorification. In sports, in all fields of life, men have become triumphant at the expense of women. This is because of how boys are bred and raised to become â€Å"men† (Theroux 411), up and coming men become totally obsessed with the idea of proving their manhood through their chosen field. Therefore, the enthusiastic individual will do what he deems necessary to achieve such goal. Femininity plays a vital role in belittling their sexuality because of the female species’ vane nature and alertness to man’s inadequacy (Theroux 411). Alfonsina Storni’s blatant aversion to manliness appears to be a of how manliness is being glorified objectively over and over. It is a good argument that men and women are equal beings each with distinct qualities, and given the distinction, it is also plausible to think that both genders have their set of issues to deal with. However, social constructs, media presentations, and cultures across the world suggest that the nature of manhood demean women in every way. Superhero archetypes for instance are all modeled after men, the earliest superhero characters Superman and Batman are patterned to the typical male image. Likewise, other heroes such as Supergirl and Batgirl are female characters influenced by male characters. Masculinity is not a written law obliging every male person to conform to society’s traditional standards. However collective social opinion backed by media sensationalizing and cultural practice dictates the concept of manhood. Furthermore, the dictated solidarity in the concept of being a man eliminates the concept of individuality and the true precept of manliness. Works Cited Theroux, Paul. Being a Man. Reading and Writing about Gender in The World is a Text: The Writing, Reading, and Thinking About Culture and Its Contexts (2nd Edition). by How to cite Being a Man, Papers

Parenting And Ethics Essay Example For Students

Parenting And Ethics Essay Family Friendly for Whose Family? Do workers without children reap the same rewards as do their colleagues who are parents? Equal work for equal pay has long been the American mantra, but are parents more equal? The childfree say it is dangerous to promote one lifestyle and set of personal choices above others. Granting special privileges to those that reproduce creates unprivilege and subtle social pressure for those that dont. Parenting is a choice. With that choice comes responsibilities. In the last decade, as parents have struggled to balance responsibilities at home and at work, they have simultaneously raised the bar politically and in the workplace. During the 106th Congress, dozens of bills were introduced to increase the child tax credit, award stay-at-home parent grants to return to school, and expand the 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act. Childless adults have had enough. They feel they have become second-class citizens in the eyes of their government and their employers. They say family-friendly policies that have become the norm, place an unfair burden on childfree workers and dont consider their families or lifestyles. Is it fair to give tax credits to parents regardless of income? (CNN 1) Should the childfree be expected to work extra hours because they dont have children? Should employee benefit plans reward fertility rather than longevity or merit? The childfree see a world of colleagues who are stressed out because theyve chosen to believe the lieyou can have it all. (Burkett 55) You can have children, careers, and excel at both. They say weve taken a step backward to the days when married men made more than women doing the same work because they had families to support. Theyve watched as children invade places sacred to adults such as R-rated movies and the workplace itself, (Belkin 32) employers create benefit packages that are full of maternity leave, pregnancy coverage, and other child-friendly perks that mean parents effectively earn more than non parents for doing the same job. Theyve grown tired of parents who play the kiddie card and exempt themselves from overtime, travel, weekend, and holiday duty as well as employers who expect non parents to take up the slack. They watch as parents get away with things like bringing children to work, coming in late because of day-care issues, or working at home to save on child care. The childfree are mad and theyre not taking it anymore. For a starter, they reject the term childless. Childless has a connotation of loss or regret. Childfree implies satisfaction and deliberate choice. To be childfree means giving thought to not having children as opposed to the contemplation most parents give to having them. (Belkin 33) While in the past adult workers without children may have grumbled privately about the benefits afforded their coworkers with children for fear of being called child haters, they have recently begun to organize. Two groups in particular, the Childfree Network and No Kidding! and have emerged to give voice to what may turn out to be a political/social movement to protect the rights of adults without children. (Burkett 45) The Childfree Network is a four-year-old organization with a mailing list of 5,000 people and regional chapters in 33 cities. It focuses on several issuespolitical and social. First and foremost is respect for the decision to be childfree. People are childfree for many reasons, but whether it is by choice or circumstance, it is a lifestyle that deserves as much respect as any other lifestyle choice. No one goes up to the mother of an infant and says *Just wait, youll change your mind, yet choosing to remain childfree will definitely cause people to see you as odd. Society places pressure on people to have children against their better judgement. The childfree point to the number of abused and neglected children as evidence that without societal pressure to reproduce, more people would realize that they dont want children. .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 , .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 .postImageUrl , .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 , .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624:hover , .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624:visited , .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624:active { border:0!important; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624:active , .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624 .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u701203389bd514131a0304ec467bd624:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History Of Jazz And Classical Music (1751 words) Essay Another issue the organization is tackling is that some workplaces actually are child-friendly, not family-friendly. In these companies, benefits are structured with more opportunities for parents, and less flexibility for non parents. The childfree point to the fact that some employers expect childless employees to fill in when parents take .

Price Elasticity of Demand

The Concept of Price Elasticity of demand in Healthcare Elasticity Elasticity means to the amount of receptiveness shown in supply side or demand side relative to variations in price. If a curvature is much more elastic, then minute amends in price will make big variations in quantity used. If a curvature is not as much of elastic, then it will make big amends in price to cause a variation in amount used. It can be illustrated by the form of the supply side or demand side curve.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Price Elasticity of Demand specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Price elasticity of demand It submits to the extent of receptiveness in demand side quantity in relation to price. In the example given below demand side is very elastic. It can be seen that if the price varies from US$ 0.75 to US$ 1, the quantity amount lowers. Explanation behind this can be that the purchasers might have access to an alternate medicine, so that as the increment in price occurs, he does not accept it. Other explanation could be that the purchaser didn’t find the medicine good enough, so any little variation in price has a big impact on the medicine’s demand. Source: Quantity q Elastic DemandAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Healthcare – A general view with reference to price demand elasticity The healthcare sector constantly experiences price elasticity on its demand side regardless of different methodologies and researches. Even though the array of price elasticity approximations is comparatively broad, it inclines to middle on minus 0.17, implying that one per cent raise in the amount of price within healthcare sector will direct to a 0.17 percent decrease in expenditures. The variation caused by the price factor in the demand side can be associated to variations in the prosp ect of reaching any care rather than the variations in the frequency of stopovers. Additionally, the research constantly discovers lesser amount of demand elasticity at lesser stages of sharing cost. The health side demand is also believed to be inelastic in respect to income. The approximations of elasticity on the income level are in-between 0 and 0.2. The optimistic signal of the elasticity standard suggests that as income level rises, the demand side will also experience a rise. The scale, though, proposes that the demand side reaction is moderately little. Healthcare demand is considered by many specialists to be inelastic. If a person is ill, he is not going to show sensitivities in price. However some do fall away from the domain or e.g. surgery such as any form of plastic surgery or when you are buying eyesight glasses. Price elasticity was -0.2 in a study conducted by RAND Health Insurance for medicine expense . Is the demand Elastic-Healthcare Another research suggested th at the healthcare associations with prices are elastic. Its outcome suggests that the elasticity of healthcare and price are at -2.3 diagonally 0.65 to 0.95 tier of the allocation of expenditure, with a spot-wise 95precent assurance space at the 0.80 tier of -02.5 to -02.0. Even though the research permits to project the change with the degree of expenditure, it concluded that the projections were quite steady over the projected tier. As the quantity side is associated with the price side, it requires unsystematic surprise to quantity side in respect to recognize elasticity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Price Elasticity of Demand specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When a family member has an injury, it would not influence the healthcare spending of others within the family i.e. if they are not facing injuries themselves. Though, the damage will utilize up a big section of a family’s amount and hence brin g down the insurance of the whole family rates from hundred percent to twenty percent . Few illustrations Price division is the expression used to explain diverse shapes of straight charging for medical treatments. In the United Kingdom, a lot of citizens have to give treatment charges that they are liable to pay whenever they require treatment or are given prescriptions. This treatment charges have their own effects. In projection, it is shown that the treatment’s demand is somewhat inelastic to price, having a negative 0.32 mean value. This implies that the treatment expenses charged are a good method to get funds, but they do not have an impact of any significance over demand. It was established in the research that increment in the treatment money charged from the 90’s i.e. 3.75 pounds to 4.25 pounds accumulated into a hefty amount which is thought to be in excess of 17 million pounds in additional returns but what they did was, it guided to a drop of 23 hundred th ousand in the figure of treatments and prescriptions given. This study also recommends that with the passage of time, treatments and remedies disbursed will become more and more elastic to price. The Hughes and McGuire research concluded that the increment in treatment services in healthcare are going to lift lesser proceeds but in turn direct to larger decrease in usage of approved medications compared to what it did during the past . During the year 2005, Ireland was graded the least of the European Union in relation to the medicine cost per occupant. The major causes for such a boost in Ireland included the prescription of fresher more pricey drugs, the amplified quantity of treatments as well as the alterations which took place in the qualifying standard. During the year 1997, the standard charge per disbursed medicine was around 11 pounds to 11.50 pounds in contrast with twenty three to twenty four pound in the year 2007. As the overall populace demographic patterns are alterin g, the prescription rates are also altering. Since the number of older people in Ireland has been increasing, the demand for treatment has been increasing too.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It can be established that the demand in healthcare within Ireland is correlated as the prices of medicines are elastic to number of patients being treated. Similarly, the prices of medicine are also found to be elastic to the number of medicines disbursed. From the year 2000, Ireland has faced an upward trend in prescriptions of defensive/preventive drugs or treatment, a good example for which is the Statins . In a study carried out in the state of Massachusetts a subsidy was endorsed, for a chance to calculate the healthcare demand for the price elasticity function. The MEPS from the year required 2005 to the year 2007 demonstrated the figures that the people put out or consume over healthcare outflow, a substitute for the amount needed i.e. the demand and their average healthcare funding consumption, a substitute for the pricing. The graphs presented below, depict the points showing the descending inclination of the demand curvature. The elasticity for demand for the years 2005 a nd 2006, and the years 2006 and 2007 price is -1.95 and -0.18 respectively. Both are found to be inelastic, which means a sharper curvature for demand, which signifies a bigger advantage from the healthcare sector financial support. Source: Number in Massachusetts with a Healthcare Expense Source: Summary Works Cited Barry, Michael, et al. â€Å"Projecting the Impact of Demographic Change on the Demand for and Delivery of Healthcare in Ireland.† 2009. HRB. 15 October 2011 http://www.hrb.ie/uploads/tx_hrbpublications/Final_Report.ESRI.pdf. â€Å"Elasticity.† 2011. Spark Notes. 14 October 2011 http://www.sparknotes.com/economics/micro/elasticity/section1.html. â€Å"Is healthcare demand elastic?† 2009. Healthcare Economist. 15 October 2011 http://healthcare-economist.com/2009/07/22/is-health-care-demand-elastic/. Liu, Su and Deborah Chollet. â€Å"Price and Income Elasticity of Demand for Health Insurance and Healthcare Services: Acritical Review of the Litera ture.† 2006. Mathematica. 14 October 2011 http://www.mathematica-mpr.com/publications/pdfs/priceincome.pdf. Maguire, Jon. â€Å"Hotspots for Healthcare Savings.† 2011. MyDataMine. 15 October 2011 http://mydatamine.blogspot.com/. â€Å"Price elasticity of demand (PED).† n.d. OheSchools. 15 October 2011 http://www.oheschools.org/ohech2pg7a.html. Ringel, Jeanne S, et al. â€Å"The Elasticity of Demand for Healthcare.† 2005. Rand. 15 October 2011 http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1355.pdf. This essay on Price Elasticity of Demand was written and submitted by user Muhammad S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ted Bundy essays

Ted Bundy essays At the age of twenty-two, Eleanor Louise Cowell gave birth to her son, Theodore Robert Cowell. Ted Bundy was born on November 24, 1946, and his childhood was anything but ordinary. From the day he was born, Bundy had to face criticism and lies from both society and his relatives. The criticism came because of the fact that Ted was an illegitimate child born into a Methodist family. Shortly after Teds birth, he and his mother moved into his grandparents house. While living there, Ted was told that his mother was actually his older sister and that his grandparents were really his birth parents. After four years of living with his grandparents, Teds mother decided to move to Tacoma, Washington. Unwilling to leave his grandfather, later to be the only man Ted ever looked up to, Ted was forced to go with his mother. After being in Washington for only a year, Teds mother married an army cook named Johnnie Culpepper Bundy, whose last name Ted would take on for the rest of his life. Bundys torment would continue throughout his school years as well. As a child, Ted was extremely shy and was often teased by other kids in junior high school. It is thought that because of the constant humiliation, Ted often lost his temper. According to True Crimes: Serial Killers, Teds temper became such a problem that teachers sent notes home warning that he needed to learn to control his temper, because at times it could explode with frightening ferocity (11). Fighting through this problem, Ted was still able to earn high grades, which he continued to receive throughout high school as well. After junior high, the teasing stopped and Ted was thought of as being well dressed and exceptionally well mannered. Despite this fact, Bundy never had a girlfriend in high school, because he was more interested in skiing and politics. Bundys life took another sharp turn after entering colle...

Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engineering - Essay Example Figure 1: Kariba Dam on the Zambezi river: Zambia/ Zimbabwe Source: http://www.internationalrivers.org/es/kariba-dam/kariba-dam?size=_original Furthermore it also offers valuable lessons in the manner in which a project of such huge magnitude was pulled off successfully in those days, considering the situation in the 1950s. Also, the construction of this dam required displacement of a large number of people living in or near by the dam site, thus attracting various social repercussions in the process (Adey, 2009: 116). The various implications of the establishment and implementation of this project are discussed in the following sections. Geological Setting The Kariba Dam is a double curvature arch concrete dam, reinforced with a spillway gate area (Balon & Coche, 1974). The Zambezi river, prior to reaching Lake Kariba, falls into various slot like gorges, which forms the Victoria falls. The drainage basin of the Congo River lies to the north of Zambia. Topographically, a significant portion of the Zambian territory comprises of an elevated plateau with an altitude of approximately 3000 to 4500 feet. There are highlands in the northeast and northwest territories of the country, with the Muchinga Mountains in the northwest having elevations of approximately 5900 feet. The population centres in Zambia are formed of two key areas, i.e. in the capital city of Lusaka and in the copper belt province of north central Zimbabwe, which comprise of rich deposits of copper ore (Stokes, 2009:751). Figure 2: Physical characteristics of Kariba Dam The soil in the Kariba river basin is deep Kalahari sand formation (Bingham, 2000) thus allowing the water to permeate in it quite easily. This is known to be one of the key reasons behind the occurrence / or high incidence of earthquakes in the area. Since the land was filled with excessive weight (i.e. water) the earth below it breaks down due to the added volume, leading the ground to break. There is evidence relating the level o f artificially created lakes and seismic activities in the area, leading to increased incidences of earthquakes (Jansen, 1988: 744; Goudie & Alexander, 1997: 40). The dam was initially built with a view to generate hydroelectric power; however, the creation of the same drastically altered the geography of the land including significant changes and alterations to the biodiversity of the neighbouring areas. The Kariba Lake was located in the tropics and was one of the first projects to be built in the region. It was created by damming of the Zambezi River which flowed between the two countries i.e. Zambia and Zimbabwe in the year 1959. The building of this lake was referred to as an audacious engineering feat since it was created by clearing up a large proportion of the lands leading to displacement of thousands of locals (Gray, 2000:69). Major problems encountered The construction of the Kariba dam brought about significant changes in the area, especially the generation of electricit y which was the key purpose behind the dam. However, it also led to several problems which are discussed below: Displacement of large number of people: The creation of the dam required displacement of the Tonga tribesmen, who inhabited the area. As many as 75000 tribal people were relocated to other areas during

The Contributions of Web 2.0 in E-Learning in Saudi Arabia Research Paper

The Contributions of Web 2.0 in E-Learning in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example Very many studies and researches have been carried out with the aim of promoting E-Learning as a means of fostering better education in the world (Webster & Hackley, 1997). Most of these researches have failed to contribute to the development of E-Learning due to various reasons especially in Saudi Arabia. One of the main reasons maybe their failure in assessing the relationship between Web 2.0 and E-Learning. Students in Saudi Arabia have shown less or no interest in using E-Learning as compared to their counterparts in Ukraine and Russia (Al-Jarf, 2004). Students are although still reluctant to accept E-Learning (Alenezi, Veloo, Karim, 2010, Al-Jarf, 2007). Several factors have been found to have significance contribution to the acceptance and use of E-Learning (Yi et al., 2001; Galletta et al., 1995). One of the factors that have had significance influence on E-Learning is the Web 2.0 technology. The use of Web 2.0 is on the increase; moreover, Web 2.0 features such as social netw orks have made enormous changes to various aspects of our lives. People involved with social networks can share their opinions, photos and videos, and they can learn many things that relate to their studies and their lives (Weaver & Morrison, 2008; Bemis-Dougherty, 2010). This research aims at establishing what contributions Web 2.0 technology has had on online E-Learning in Saudi Arabia. Aims of the research This research aims at: To spread the culture of technology that helps to create an e-learning community. To provide higher education for people who do not have the opportunity to join a university. Objectives There are several reasons as to why this research is significant and they are: To examine the number of users on Web 2.0 on education purposes To investigate challenges of using Web 2.0 on E-learning To provide an opportunity for many users to learn through Web 2.0 To determine how to reduce the cost of education using e-learning To determine how to boost the confidence of people who want to share To compare the gender differences as far as the use of Web 2.0 is concerned To determine the value of Web 2.0 for students To identify the barriers of using Web 2.0 in Saudi Arabia To determine the popular uses of Web 2.0 by students Literature review In this research, literature review will come from various studies and work from different information designs concerning with World Wide Web. Reports and other representations from individual researchers, as pertains this subject matter, will be used. Different reports that attribute to the effects of using the web, especially Web 2.0., on E-learning will be used to support the research. The researcher will determine the contribution of Web 2.0 in supporting e-learning in Saudi Arabia as discussed below. Examples of Web 2.0 support of E-learning Web 2.0 includes social network sites. One way of distributing information is to have the society accept it. E-learning is hugely enhanced by social networks. All age s are encompassed in this network. Every age is represented in this network. Information is easily shared if people consider it to fun. In order to embed a new culture into a society, the society must accept and welcome the new culture. Blogging is also provided by Web 2.0 where information is shared amongst a focus group, and each is allowed to give feedback. This is the best way of dialogue. A topic is provided, and people can give

Jacksonian Age religious commotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jacksonian Age religious commotion - Essay Example For a long time, the government controlled every activity that the church was doing (Sellers 2006). The separation between the church and the state caused a commotion in the religion. Divisions in the church were evident, where each denomination claimed to have power than the other. The main denominations according to the ranking of the majority were Methodist, Presbyterians and the Baptists. It was due to this margin among the religious institution that caused changes in the church. This commotion gave birth to revivalism which was highly welcomed by the Americans. Long before these changes, the Americans used to be attracted by secular meeting organized through camps to gain a social touch, but with the emergence of revival meetings, they diverged their lifestyle to concentrate on revivals (Sellers 2006). Salvation was evident in such meetings, having faith was also encouraged, and as a result, many people gave their lives to God. Each denomination could formulate ways to mak e their revivals unique. For instance, the Baptists came up with the idea of baptism. They argued that, it was vital for the fulfillment of conversion experience (Sellers 2006). Those who were baptized, were convinced of having gained eternal life, hence as a way of maintaining it, they became so loyal to the church. The church at one point started deteriorating in terms of fame in the country. This was due to some actions that were happening in the church which did not make people happy. Business-minded revivalists emerged, using revivals as a source of income. Though giving was a requirement, in the church, American citizens wondered how they could make themselves rich. People who conducted the revivals could not maintain their purity. They were involved in the dirty acts of immorality. Traditional religion The traditional religion in the United States was not forgotten. A good number of Americans believed in things like dreams, fortune tellers, ghosts and

The Social Implications Of The Bhagavad Gita Religion Essay

The Social Implications Of The Bhagavad Gita Religion Essay Throughout history, religious texts have been widely influential in shaping how society is run. From egalitarian societies to strict social classes, religious texts have driven societies in a great variety of directions. A fundamental example of the social impact of religious texts is the Bhagavad Gita. The Bhagavad Gita has had a tremendous impact on the mindset of people in India. It has provided a standard basis for beliefs and morals, which influenced not only individuals, but Indian society as a whole. This religious text has been an integral part of common beliefs and morals. Because it is such a significant text in Indias history, we want to know what the social implications of the Bhagavad Gita were. By analyzing the text, we are able to gain a greater understanding of what kind of society it promotes. The Gita encourages social stratification, and promotes a strict hierarchy in the form of a caste system. The Bhagavad Gitas idea of duty, or dharma, calls for a stratified society. With different castes each having their own duty, society is separated into distinct groups of people who are taught to act differently based on the status they are born into. The Sanskrit word dharma, is translated to sacred duty, which is a key idea of The Gita. Members of different castes have different sacred duties. We can see the importance of this idea through the warnings not to violate the laws of duty and caste. An example of this is when the text states, When the family is ruined, / the timeless laws of family duty / perish; and when duty is lost, / chaos overwhelms the family (The Bhagavad Gita 28). This verse warns the people not to go against the laws of family duty, or dharma. It introduces the idea that if people do not follow their own duty and act according to their caste, chaos will ensue. Through this, the importance of separate duties for each family is clear. This encourages people of al l castes to act according to their own specific duty. Because it tells each caste to act in a different way, The Gita causes deeper divisions between people born into different families. By dividing up the people into different classes and giving them each separate duties, The Gita asks for a strict hierarchy. The Bhagavad Gita uses fear of chaos and disorder to further divide society into the different castes. The warnings against breaking the laws of duty are elaborated on as the text continues. The fear that The Gita is trying to instill can be seen when the text says, The sins of men who violate / the family create disorder in society / that undermines the constant laws / of caste and family duty (The Gita 29). This passage pairs the word sin with not following the caste system. In telling people that undermining the laws is a sin, the text warns the reader not to disobey their duty. Those who violate the system are violating the family and cause disorder, making them severely looked down upon. To prevent disorder, all one has to do is follow his or her duty. This makes the individual feel as though they are in control of whether or not society falls into chaos. The society as a whole can avoid disorder as long as each individual follows the duty of his or her caste. This shapes the gu idelines for the different castes and introduces the idea that everyone must follow these set rules. With this passage, we see how The Gita influences societys structure, in separating people by their family duties. Some may argue that the Bhagavad Gita encourages an egalitarian society, where everyone is equal. They interpret the text to contradict the ideas of the caste system and social stratification. For example, the text says that, Learned men see with an equal eye / a scholarly and dignified priest, / a cow, an elephant, a dog, / and even an outcaste scavenger (The Gita 61). This statement encourages the reader to see everything equally, which may seem to promote an egalitarian society. However, although The Gita touches on themes of equality, these ideas clearly do not mean that society should be egalitarian. Although all beings are considered equal, it is certainly not saying that everyone should have equal wealth or that everyone should be able to pursue any endeavor they choose. The structure of this verse is an immediate indicator of The Gitas reinforcement of the caste system. In saying and even an outcaste scavenger, the text puts outcaste scavengers lower than priests and animals. This in itself hints to a hierarchal order of people in society. It is also important to note that viewing things with an equal eye does not refer to equal rank in society, but instead it focuses on the beings core essence. All beings are capable of improving themselves. The commonality is that they all have to act on their respective duties to succeed. This means that the ideas of equality in The Gita do not have any grounding in societal structure, but instead, are meant to transcend worldly status. While The Gita may be suggesting that all beings have equal value on a higher level, each being has a defined place in the hierarchal order, indicating social stratification. This can be seen as the text states that, The actions of priests, warriors, / commoners, and servants / are apportioned by the qualities / born of their intrinsic being (The Gita 141). This passage separates people into different classes and states that they each have separate actions. This idea is the outline for the caste system, as different people are meant to act a certain way based on the caste they are born into. In defining the distinct groups of people and creating a further divide between them with the idea of different necessary actions for different people, The Gita clearly supports social stratification. The text goes on to say that, Each one achieves success / by focusing on his own action; / hear how one finds success / by focusing on his own action (The Gita 141). This passage tells us that each being has an intrinsic function, and all beings can achieve success by focusing on that. All beings are equal and equally capable of achieving that success, but they have separate ways of achieving that success. Everyone has the same end goal, which is moksha, the release from the cycle of rebirth of samsara. The different path they must take towards success is what stratifies them in the social order. People are divided into different classes are encouraged to act differently according to these divisions. This means that The Gitas mentioning of viewing all things as equal does not encourage an egalitarian society. Instead, it further supports the caste system, as members of the lower castes feel that they are equal to members of higher castes, even though it is not reflected in societal s tructure. Through its definition of the castes and different necessary actions, The Bhagavad Gita encourages social stratification and a hierarchal order. The idea of moksha as the ultimate goal for everyone further demands the people to follow the social order of society, supporting the caste system. This promotes people to do as The Gita says and follow ones own duty. This is shown when the text says, Look to your own duty; / do not tremble before it; / nothing is better for a warrior / than a battle of sacred duty (The Gita 36). This clearly defines the path that one must take to reach moksha. It is referring to Arjunas path as a warrior and his duty to fight in battle. This outline of one individuals caste and duty not only tells us about how people in his caste should act, but also how everyone should. This link between caste and duty tells people to follow the caste system in order to achieve the common goal of moksha. Uniting the people under a universal purpose, The Gita cleverly divides the people into separate paths to attain the ultimate release from rebirth. This division is the basis for the hierarchy in Indian society. The Bhagavad Gita gives a sense of hope to members of lower castes, which gathers their support and cooperation within the hierarchal social structure. We have seen that in history, it is often the lower class that rises up and rebels against the system when they feel they are mistreated or underrepresented. The Bhagavad Gita takes care of this threat to the caste system by providing reason and hope for those in lower castes. The text tells that for those who are committed to achieving moksha, Fallen in discipline, he reaches / worlds made by his virtue, wherin he dwells / for endless years, until he is reborn / in a house of upright and noble men (The Gita 71). This passage gives those in lower castes optimism in that if they according to their castes duty, they have the ability to be reborn in a higher caste. This also justifies the position of those in higher castes, in that they deserve their spots. According to this passage, those who are born into higher castes earned it throug h their discipline and determination to follow their dharma. This passage explains to the reader why people are born into different castes, and strengthens the hierarchal ranking system. The justification of the caste system is further discussed in The Bhagavad Gita, as the idea of duty of castes is emphasized. The Gita stresses ideas that promote hierarchy within society. This is shown once again when the text states, The actions of priests, warriors, / commoners, and servants / are apportioned by the qualities / born of their intrinsic being (The Gita 141). This passage gives a greater sense of necessary action. It says that all the different castes of people have different actions that they are designated. This justifies the caste system by implying that ones duty remains the same for their entire life. Without the ability to move out of a caste within ones lifetime, members of different castes solely focus on how they can act upon their sacred duty and following the guidelines for their caste. This shows that The Gita wants people to only focus on their own task, without worrying about anyone elses. While there is hope to have a better life after one is reborn, t he idea that one is set in their caste for their lifetime forces people to learn to endure any suffering that goes along with being in the caste. The inevitability of this suffering allows for people to deal with it more easily. With this passage, we are able to see how The Gita justifies the different castes and the actions they must make. The Gita finalizes the ideas of the caste system through its reinforcement of the ideas of the different paths of different castes to reach a common goal. Each caste has a different duty that its members must follow and act upon to achieve moksha. The text states that it is [b]etter to do ones own duty imperfectly / than to do another mans well; / doing action intrinsic to his being, / a man avoids guilt (The Gita 142). This passage tells the reader that people should do their castes duty, even if they are unable to do it well. The key point in this passage is that doing another castes duty, no matter how well it is done, is never as good as doing ones own duty. This clearly defines the importance of ones caste in determining how people should act. It solidifies the hierarchal caste system by creating strict order. Through this, we can see how The Bhagavad Gita strongly promotes social stratification and the caste system. The continuous reinforcements of the ideas of duty, moksha, and the separate castes in The Bhagavad Gita strongly show the intent of the text to stratify Indian society. While the text does hint at equality, it does not apply to an egalitarian society. Instead, it further justifies the caste system by giving a higher sense of equality, even though there are clear differences between people in this world with the caste system. The common goal of moksha unites the people and encourages them to act upon their respective duties. The different duties of the separate castes define the hierarchal structure of society that The Gita promotes. This influential text has played a key role in shaping Indian society. Through it we are able to see how the hierarchal caste system is justified. The Bhagavad Gita is without a doubt a highly influential religious text and its social implications have echoed in Indias culture.

insider trading Essay -- essays research papers fc

Insider Trading   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In our economic economy today, we have gotten a few high profile cases were people have tried to make money by using illegal tactics, and these are illegal tactics are based on the insider information. These high profile cases were on Martha Stewart and President George W. Bush. This is why I chose to write my paper on what exactly â€Å"Insider Trading† is. Insider trading has to do with stocks, on the stock market. The stock market is basically an organized place where stocks and bonds are traded. The members of this exchange usually buy and sell the stocks for others while charging a commission for doing this work for their clients. Although more and more people are now trading online stockbrokers are not as in demand for their services as they once were which is why Charles Schwab investment firm has laid off more then 1800 workers in this past month, which amounts to a 10 percent reduction in the work force. There are certain limitations on stocks before they can be trade d and listed on the stock market. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) the largest in the United States was founded in 1970 and handles over 70% of all trades. Then there is the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) which is the fifth largest stock trade in the world. On the stock market there are a lot of illegal things that go on that are unethical. The most known crime that goes on is insider trading scandals. The way insider trading occurs is when one person or many people have information on a company that the rest of the public doesn’t know of and use it to make a profit on the stock market. This trading in the United States has been illegal since 1934 and is protected by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This requires all companies to disclose statements to the public before offering any securities on the public market. The SEC views insider trading unfair to the investors. The SEC also regulates stock exchanges, brokers, an d dealers in securities, and also sets the margins for bank credit in security trading. So basically the law prohibits â€Å"insider trading†, the way insider trading happens is when corporate directors and officers find out information on their company because of the position they hold before anybody else does is known as inside information. This information can and probably d... ...in 1989 the federal jury handed down a 98-count indictment against Milken for violations of federal securities and racketeering. In 1990 Milken pled guilty to security and fraud charges of insider trading, and the more sever counts against him were dropped. The regulation of insider trading can’t be judged on the grounds that it promotes the goals and efficiency, market integrity, or fairness. The real reason for banning insider trading was for trading stocks based on knowledge the rest of the public was to be thought of as theft. In conclusion this paper on insider trading is not to show the good of it, but that it cannot be harmful if done the right way. And for those companies not willing to participate in insider trading have a contract with their employees giving them more money in salaries, rather then giving them inside tips on potential stock trading tips. Bibliography 1) http://www.SEC.com 2) http://www.encyclopedia.com 3) http://www.integrity-interactive.com/compliance/mkt_press_insidertrading.htm 4) http://www.bartleby.com/65/in/insidert.html 5) http://www.bartleby.com/65/se/Securiti.html 6) http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/nf/20020918/bs_nf/19434

Christmas Carol Text Repsonse Essay

â€Å"In A Christmas Carol, Dickens delivers strong criticisms of the society in which he lives. Discuss† A Christmas Carol written by one of the most influential social reform novelists of the nineteenth century, Charles Dickens, delivers very harsh criticisms of Victorian London. Dickens presents these criticisms through the behaviour of the novella’s protagonist, Ebenezer Scrooge. His character displays everything that Dickens perceives as being wrong in Victorian society. His treatment of the poor and destitute, the treatment of his employee Bob Crachit and the weak relationships he keeps with family are all indirect criticisms by the renowned author, Dickens. The poor in Victorian London were left in very poor living conditions, and were essentially ignored by the upper class. There was a huge segregation between the lower class and upper class. Dickens implies that those with excessive wealth and power had a responsibility to take care of those less fortunate than themselves. This idea is explored between the relationship of Scrooge and his clerk, Bob Crachit. Scrooge is completely ignorant of his responsibilities and duties to Crachit. When asked what donations Scrooge would like to give to the poor, he simply states â€Å"Nothing!†. This shows that Scrooge (and the upper class society) simply have no compassion or consideration for the poor living below them. The children ignorance and want are an addition by dickens to send a simple message, to help out those in want, and beware of ignorance in oneself and others. The main protagonist of the story, Ebenezer Scrooge embodies the worst qualities of Victorian society. Obsessed with accumulating wealth and with no concern for his beleaguered employee, Scrooge is an allegorical representation of the forces of capitalism driving the industrial economy at the time. The treatment of loved ones and relationships are key in A Christmas Carol. The main relationship emphasized by Dickens is the relationship between Scrooge and his nephew, Fred. Scrooge does not even slightly value his  relationship with Fred. He refuses any affection or invitations given by Fred, shows no interest in Fred’s life and does not show any remorse towards these actions. This is also a criticism by Dickens. He is implying that the excessive and overbearing need for wealth and power ruin the relationships shared between people. In Scrooge, this is not only shown through his lack of a relationship with Fred, but also with his relationship with Belle, and ultimately its downfall. The festive and face value of A Christmas Carol provides an entertaining and light-hearted story for readers. However, beneath this heart-warming transformation of a character there are strong criticisms of Victorian society delivered by Dickens. He criticizes the way that the poor are left to fend for themselves in terrible conditions, the way the poor are treated by the upper class tear of society, and through the use of weak value placed relationships with family and friends during the time. Dickens novella was intended to point out the flaws in the society in which he lived and make it’s readers aware and cautious of these near fatal traits.

Industry Structures

A rise In global markets will usually generate an increase in return off livestock, this can increase the local prices. Local bodies or lobby groups like National Farmers Federation, Sheep Cooperative Research Centre, Department of Agriculture for Fisheries and Forestry and Meat and Livestock Australia help to maintain a reasonably simple trading system. In this report it was shown that the future has potential and with the support of the producers and industries behind the live trade of lamb things will pick up and move on in favor of the market over time.Introduction The lamb Market is a volatile market with many highs and lows, this is a mature market with a constant and promising future to come. In the report It will cover; the main markets and end use applications for the product, monitoring the market and change of supply and demand patterns over the years. It will identify the future 1 OFF and overseas. The report will also cover how and what the industry agencies do to protec t the lamb market for Australia.Main Markets and End Uses There is a growing export demand for both lamb and mutton, with China being the largest export destination for Australia followed by India, Kuwait and Italy (IBIS, 2013) Australia's sheep flock is the second largest in the world although the flock has been wringing and Australia is the largest exporter of lamb according to IBIS world report. Producers sell prime lamb and mutton to meat processing markets or export markets. A rise in global markets will usually generate an increase in return off livestock due to more numbers being sold and cost increasing for them.In relation to sales of lamb and mutton, the average Australian consumes around 1 1 keg of lamb and mutton every year (IBIS, 2013) BARES estimates and annual increase of 3. 1% for lamb and 6. 1% increase for mutton over the four years through to 2016-17. (IBIS, 2013) Figure 1. Lamb utilization and retail price (ML, 2013) Supply and Demand Patterns Whilst there are la rge countries Australia's population is growing, therefore the demand for meat is on the rise and lamb being a popular meat and a substitute for others such as beef and chicken.In 2011-2012 Australia exported 49 percent of all lamb and 97. 5 percent of all mutton produced in Australia, the total value of these lamb exports was 1. 094 million. Around 19,240 Australian broad acre farms are classified as lamb around 19,240 Australian broad acre farms are classified as lamb producers the majority of these farmers are mixed enterprise, a substantial reapportion of their income coming from cropping, beef cattle, sheep and wool, as well as from the sale of lambs.Lamb producers generally sell their lambs to slaughter houses, feedlots or export. Around 9400 slaughter lamb producers earn more than 20 per cent of their total farm receipts from the sale of slaughter lambs and are classified as specialist slaughter lamb producers. With the numbers of lamb sitting steady we can see. Key Competito rs Competition for the Australian Lamb Market is continually increasing from overseas buyers and investors, despite remaining one of the largest and most valuable market for lamb.The reasons for this include a challenging domestic consumer market and strong growth in overseas markets, this is due to the decrease in the Australian dollar decreasing. (ML, 2012) New Zealand is one of Australia's closest competition in the trade market. The sheep flock in the United States has been declining in recent years, to the point that as at the beginning of 2012, it was the lowest in over a century, at 5. 35 million head. With ongoing widespread drought in the US there is currently little prospect of this pattern reversing, although the majority of the US flock is in the less- affected north-western states.Industry Structures and Policy Frameworks There are a couple of barriers to entry this includes capital investment and securing finance as new producers need to purchase land, fencing material s and livestock. The government and the livestock export industry are working cooperatively with trading partners to address post-arrival welfare concerns and to improve the Ongoing involvement in the livestock export trade provides an opportunity to influence animal welfare conditions in importing countries.The Department is Jointly funding a number of projects with the live export industry to improve infrastructure ND training to promote better animal handling and slaughter practices. Australia is the only country that requires specific animal welfare outcomes for livestock exports. Ongoing involvement in this trade provides an opportunity to influence animal welfare conditions in importing countries. This legislation was an important step by the Government to overhaul the livestock export trade.Arrangements to ensure exported animals are well treated during road and sea transportation are an important part of the standards. Ships must comply with strict rules about ventilation, d rainage and provision of water and food. Each animal must have access to food and water on demand and enough space to lie down, and there must be special pens for sick animals to receive veterinary care ‘Under the Australian Meat and Live-stock Industry Act 1997, a report on the carriage of livestock on any sea voyage to a port outside of Australia must be tabled in each House of Parliament every 6 months. (ML, 2013) Future Industry Challenges With the recent ban on live trade out of Australia this could be a potential future challenge for the livestock industry. The live trade of livestock is of great importance o both regional and rural Australia and is vital to the red meat industry. (Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, 2013) Since the mid sass's the livestock export trade has grown significantly to become a vital component of Australia's agricultural export earnings.Live exports are a legitimate trade providing farmers with a valuable alternative to domestic slaughter. Some people maintain that live trade of Australian livestock should be banned and a preference for frozen or chilled meat to be exported. Chicken being one of the most popular meats means that there is intention for the lamb market, beef also is a competitor for the local lamb markets and export markets as chicken is common in Asian countries.Industry Agencies and Bodies Meat and Livestock Australia – ML delivers marketing and research and development services for Australia's cattle, sheep and goat producers. ML creates opportunities for livestock supply chains from their combined investments to build demand and productivity. Department of Agriculture for Fisheries and Forestry – Supplying research and development in the agricultural sector, monitoring political and industrial sectors to keep the agricultural sector on top of the game.State Agricultural sectors – supplying information related to research and development that is relevant to the state b ody and the farmers related National Farmers Federation – ‘The NEFF is the peak body representing farmers, made up of state commodity councils and farm organizations, and is a powerful voice for agriculture politically (National Farmers Federation, 2013) Sheep Cooperative Research Centre (Sheep CRY) – The role of the CRY is to facilitate transformation of the sheep industry through making sheep easier to manage, developing the production and processing of meat and wool to meet increasing consumer

How to Get a College Application Fee Waiver 3 Approaches

How to Get a College Application Fee Waiver 3 Approaches SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most college application fees fall in the $40 to $50 range, with some costing as much as $90 (ahem, Stanford). For many students and their families, these fees present a serious obstacle along the already pricey path to college. If application fees are burdensome to you, you may qualify for college application fee waivers! Just like SAT and ACT fee waivers, these college fee waivers allow you to send off yourapplications for free. This guide will go over how you can qualify for and use college application fee waivers, step by step. First, let’s review how much college applications usually cost and how much you can save with fee waivers. How Much Do College Applications Cost? College applications, on average, cost around $40. Especially selective schools, like NYU, Boston University, Harvard, Yale, and, of course, the pricey Stanford, ask for $70 or more. If you apply to just five of these pricey private schools, then you're already looking at application fees of over $350! Severalstate schools are a little less expensive; Penn State, University of Wisconsin, and University of Texas, for instance, all ask for $50. Other schools are somewhat more reasonable with application fees of $25 or $30, plus there are a good number of schools to which you can apply for free! But unless you're applying to primarily fee-free schools, the costs of applying can seriously add up -especially if you're looking at 8 or more colleges. Fee waivers can be a huge help, but they aren’t available to everyone. Fee waivers are given only to students and families who qualify. Read on to learn if you’re eligible. Soeligible. How aboutyou? How Do You Qualify for College Application Fee Waivers? First off, it merits saying that your fee waivers are actually fee waiver requests. Ultimately, each of your colleges must approve your request. For the most part, colleges will approve if you have your school counselor’s or another designated official’s signature. If your collegeshave any doubts or questions, then they might ask you to send along extra information demonstrating that you qualify (this is rare). Mostly, this fee waiver process is done on the honor system. It’s up to you and your counselor to determine if you’re eligible, so take a look at the criteria below. There are a few pieces of criteria that must apply for you to be eligible for fee waivers. They’re actually the same guidelines that apply to getting an SAT or ACT fee waiver. If you already got an SAT or ACT fee waiver, therefore, then you should be automatically eligible for college application fee waivers. If you’re using the Common Application or your admission test of choice was the SAT, then the process should be especially easy. Before delving into how to get the fee waivers, let’s go over the qualifying guidelines. Just one of these must apply to you. You’re enrolled in or eligible for the Federal Free or Reduced Price Lunch program. Your family income meets the Income Eligibility Guidelines set by the USDA Food and Nutrition Service*. You’re enrolled in a program that aids students from low-income families, like Upward Bound. Your family receives public assistance. You live in federally subsidized public housing, a foster home, or are homeless. You’re a ward of the state or an orphan. You can provide a supporting statement from an official of your financial eligibility. *For most states, the Income Eligibility Guidelines are as follows: Members in Household Total Annual Income 1 $21,775 2 $29,471 3 $37,167 4 $44,863 5 $52,599 6 $60,255 So if you already got an SAT or ACT fee waiver or have since determined that you’re eligible based on the above criteria, how do you go about obtaining your collegefee waiver? First, you'll need a shovel, gloves, and a sturdypair of shoes... How Do You Get College Application Fee Waivers? The easiest ways to get your hands on application fee waivers don't involve archaeological adventures, unfortunately. They involve cases in which: #1: You’re applying to colleges with the Common Application, and/or#2: You took the SAT with a fee waiver. If neither of these scenarios applies to you, then you may be able to obtain an alternative fee waiver form. For instance, students who took the ACT and are applying to a non-Common Application school may need to findthese other forms. Finally, if you have trouble obtaining any form at all, then you could simply fax or send your college a letter of request.Since there are a few different options, we’ll break it down with instructions for each scenario, starting with students who apply through the Common Application. Scenario 1: You’re Using the Common Application The Common App is streamlines the application process in a number of ways, one of which is asking forfee waivers. You can use request fee waivers fromany of your Common App schools! To obtain aCommon App fee waiver, you have to meet the same requirements as the onesdescribed above. In your Profile section, you’ll indicate whether or not you qualify for a fee waiver, and then you’ll select your reason why. The screen will look like this: If you select yes, then you'll be prompted to select an indicator of economic need: You’ll electronicallysign this section, as well as receive the abovereminder that your counselor will need to confirm your answer. If you already got an SAT or ACT fee waiver, then your counselor should be able to sign off on this automatically. If not, then you may have to provide proof to your counselor that you qualify. As mentioned above, many schools use the honor system. As long as your counselor approves, you should be all set. If, for some reason, your school wants to see proof or has decided to deny your fee waiver request (rare), then they will contact you. If you don’t hear from them, then everything should be good to go. If your schoolsrequest a hard copy, then they may accept a number of forms. The easiest would be a College Board fee waiver form, which you’ll get automatically if you already took the SAT with a fee waiver. If you didn’t, then you can access other similar forms. I’ll describe the different options below, starting with College Board’s application fee waivers. Scenario 2: You Took the SAT or SAT Subject Tests With a Fee Waiver Maybe you need to send proof of your Common Application fee waiver eligibility to acollege. Or maybe you’re applying to a college that doesn’t use the Common App, like a school in the University of Texas or University of California system. For whatever reason, you need a college fee waiver form. If you took the SAT or one or more SAT Subject Tests with a fee waiver, then you’ll automatically get four collegefee waivers from College Board. These college app fee waivers will become available through your College Board account. You just have to log in and click on â€Å"Apply to college for free.† Once there, you can access and, if your college requests it, print out and send your fee waivers.If you took the SAT as a senior, then you’ll be able to access these waivers when your scores become available. If you took the SAT as a junior, then you’ll have to wait until the fall of senior year. Now, you may be thinking that you want to apply to more than four colleges. Can you get more fee waivers? Sometimes four just isn't enough. What If You Want to Apply to More than Four Colleges? Both College Board and the National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC), which also offers a waiver form,recommend that you limit the use of their college fee waivers to no more than four schools. However, if you’re applying to non-Common App schools and only have four fee waivers from College Board, then you may try using a different fee waiver form or askingthe colleges themselves. For instance, you could use your four College Board forms and another four NACAC forms, for a total of 8 free applications. As most of this process is done on the honor system with your counselor as the gatekeeper, there doesn’t seem to be a strict cutoff. Four fee waivers per organization is a suggestion, but not a fixed or enforced rule. Plus, you can use one type of form for one college and another for a different college. You also may need to use alternativeforms if you didn’t take the SAT and thus didn’t get any College Board waivers. Let’s take a look at what these alternative fee waiver forms are. Scenario 3: You Need Alternative Fee Waiver Forms Maybe you took the ACT, are applying to non-Common App schools, and/or are looking for extra fee waivers. There are a few other forms you can use, plus you can call up your admissions offices and ask for their advice (always recommended, as colleges like to set unique policies). Your first stop, though, should be your counselor’s office. Your counselor should have these forms, so you shouldn’t have to go tracking them down yourself. As mentioned above, you’ll have to get her signature of approval anyway. There are twomain forms she may distribute: the ACT waiver or NACAC waiver. A less common form that's sent directly to qualifying students is College Board's Realize Your College Potentialwaiver. They’re all pretty similar, but let’s break each of them down so you can see where to find them and how to use them. The ACT, Inc. Fee Waiver Unlike College Board, ACT, Inc. doesn’t automatically grant its test fee-waiving students with application fee waivers. In fact, it doesn’t advertise its fee waivers anywhere I can see on its website. However, it does have one that students and counselors can use - somewhat buried on page 39 of this ACT User Handbook for Educators. This form is like most of the others - it asks for your basic info, like name, address, and high school, as well as your and your school official’s (likely your counselor) signatures. You’ll also indicate the college to which you’re applying. While the form doesn’t clearlyspecify, it’s probably safe to assume that you should only use this form if you took the ACT and, of course, qualified for an ACT fee waiver. However, you’re not limited to this ACT waiver. You should use whichever form your counselor offers or college requires. The NACAC Fee Waiver NACAC provides a useful fee waiver request form, as well as a page of FAQs to help students. It’s similar to the Common App page and the ACT waiver. It asks for your basic info and asks you to specify an indicator of economic need. You’ll also need your counselor or designated school official to sign it. Any student can use this form, regardless of the admission test you took, but remember that NACAC recommends limiting your use of its fee waiver requests to four colleges. The Realize Your College Potential Fee Waiver The Realize Your College Potentialfee waiver, which comes from College Board, is a bit less accessible than the other two. Students who are in the top 10-15% of their class and the bottom 33% of the income distribution (roughly $40K–$50K and below) will receive Realize Your College Potential packets from College Board with college planning, scholarship, and fee waiver information. Each student will get a personalized packet with her own unique code. If you received one of these, then you can log in and access your fee waivers on the RYCP website. If you didn’t receive this packet, then your best bet for external forms that you can easily access yourself is the one offered by NACAC. Again, your counselor should give you these forms, so check with her about what steps you should take before worrying about obtaining them yourself! Individual Colleges’ Fee Waivers For most students in most scenarios, these forms, or a combination of them, should work to get their application fees waived. However, there are always unique circumstances that stand outside of the typical process. If you still have questions, you should contact the admissions offices of your prospective colleges. Find out if they accept fee waivers and, if so, if they prefer a specific form or simply a letter. Some may suggest that you write and send or fax a letter of request. Harvard, for instance, accepts College Board and NACAC forms, but also welcomes a letter if you can’t obtain those forms for some reason. Its admission office says, â€Å"If you are unable to obtain these forms, you may have your guidance counselor or school official send us a letter requesting a fee waiver based on financial hardship. You may also write this letter yourself, and have it signed by a school official. Fee waiver requests may be faxed to 617-496-3229, or mailed to our office.† Regardless of the form you use, the requirements are essentially the same: each form represents a request and asks for your basic info, signature, counselor’s signature, and an indicator of economic need. Rarely do you have to provide supporting documentation, but you must have it on hand just in case. Now that you have a sense of which fee waivers to use and how to get them, is there anything else you need to know about how to use them? Don't worry, many colleges don't even ask to see your fee waiver! How Do You Use College Application Fee Waivers? We touched on this briefly, but let’s review how tosubmit application fee waivers whether you’re using the Common App, a College Board waiver, or a different form. How to Use Common App Fee Waivers If you’re applying through the Common App, all you have to do is indicate that you’ll be using a fee waiver on your profile page, as pictured above, and indicate your reason. Your counselor will be prompted to approve your request. If you already got an SAT or ACT fee waiver, then you shouldn’t have to do anything else, since your counselor will have already double checked your eligibility. If you didn’t, then you may need to provide her with some supporting documentation, like proof of income eligibility. All Common App schools should accept fee waiver requests.As Cornell says, "The Common Application will automatically send your fee waiver request to your high school counselor for confirmation. No additional documentation is needed after your counselor has approved your request." Many colleges share this stance, though they reserve the right to ask for more info if they deem it necessary.If you hear from a college requesting more information, then you may have to fax or send your fee waiver form or whatever else they ask for. How to Use College Board Waivers Your College Board fee waivers, whether you obtain them through your online account or from a Realize Your College Potential packet, will have a personalized code for you. If you’re applying to a school that’s not on the Common App, then it will likely ask you to enter this code or upload a scanned copy of your waiver within its online application. If you used an SAT fee waiver, then you should be familiar with this process. SAT registration also involves entering your personalized fee waiver code. If you’re applying by mail or if the college asks for an original hard copy, then you’ll want to send this signed form along with your application. How to Use Other Fee Waiver Forms If you’re using an NACAC or ACT, Inc form for non-Common App schools, then you won't get a personalized code. In most cases, you'll be asked toupload a scanned copy of the signed form into your application.Again, if you’re applying by mail or the school wants an original hard copy, then you should mail this form. If the school needs any more information, then it will contact you and let you know. To prepare for this possibility at a non-Common App school, you should give them a call and ask about the process.A fewcolleges, like manyin the California State system, only accept requests from in-state residents. There are over 2,000 colleges that approve fee waiver requests - you just have to figure out how your prospective colleges want you to submit your request. Everyone’s paths to college are different. Similarly, there are several different options for requesting application fee waivers, some straightforward, and others a little more complicated. To make sure you’ve got your bases covered, let’s summarizethe most important things to remember for students who want to waive the fees for applying to college. What to Remember About College Application Fee Waivers If and only if you’re eligible, you can get your college application fees waived. All of these college fee waiver forms constitute requests - ultimately, it’s up to your colleges to approve your request. For most schools, you shouldn’t run into any roadblocks. It’s probably safe to say most colleges welcome as many applications as they can get. The more applications they get, the more selective they can appear to be! The eligibility guidelines are much the same as for SAT and ACT fee waivers, the most common being a certain yearly family income and/or being part of the Federal Free or Reduced Lunch program. If you already got a testing fee waiver, then your counselor can approve your college app request without any further input from you. If not, then you may have to show her some document that proves your eligibility. Common Application schools offer the easiest process. For schools not on the Common App, you may need toenter your code and/orupload, fax, or mailyour College Board, ACT, or NACAC fee waiver forms. A handful of schools only approve in-state residents’ requests, so do the research on your prospective colleges. If all else fails, simply send a request, signed by yourself and your counselor, to your college. Mail or fax this letter, and, if you don’t hear back from your college, give them a call and ask if it was accepted. While organizations emphasize that they only want you to use four fee waivers, you can use more from alternative sources if you’re eligible. Just make sure you’re using them for schools that you’d really like to attend. Of course, all the colleges to which you apply should be ones that you’d really like to attend! Hopefully, fee waivers remove anyfinancial hardship standing in the way of your applications to your favorite colleges. What's Next? Another hugestep in college financial planning has to do with financial aid. Check out this guide that breaks downall the steps you need to take to apply for various kinds of financial aid. You can also learn in depth about preparing your FAFSA application. If you're still picking out your colleges, you may be considering tuition cost as a factor. Check out these 27 colleges that offer the best financial aid! Remember to apply for scholarships as well! Our list of the easiest scholarships to apply foris a great place to start.

Exploring the elizabeth age - write about Robert Herrick or Philip Essay

Exploring the elizabeth age - write about Robert Herrick or Philip Henslowe - Essay Example Herrick’s compositions were contemporary with other poets including George Herbert and John Donne. Herrick’s history remains unknown apart from a few letters and 1,403 poems found in his book The Works both Humane and Divine of Robert Herrick, Esq.  (1648). His educational history remains unknown as the period between his birth and death does not provide detailed information. Herrick was born in Cheapside to Nicholas Herrick and Julian Stone. Social and Cultural Influence At the time Robert Herrick was beginning his career, there were many social and cultural aspects that influenced his career both positively and negatively. However, it is essential to note that Robert Herrick through his career has managed to influence black American music as well as society. According to Kampf, eight outstanding individuals have made lasting contributions to the American nation (2). Robert Herrick falls among the individuals who have influenced the black American poetry culture. Des pite the difficulties and problems that blacks encountered at the time, Herrick was able to elude most of them in order to launch a perfect career. The black church influenced Herrick’s career. He noted in an interview that without the church experience, he would not have known if he would have been able to sing in public places (Nakesha and Shameera 23). Poetry in church choirs is a common African American activity and is something that influenced many African American poets at the time. For instance, Marian Anderson and Leonyne Price were also introduced to music through church choirs (Nakesha and Shameera 24). Quoting from Grace Bumbrey, CBS provides that African American churches have been hugely influential with the black society, and hence their performance (21). CBS calls the church of the 1990 â€Å"the rock that blacks depend on† (12). According to Norment, the American society was influenced by black poetry (2). Most of the blacks during slavery demonstrated their propensity for imprisonment through poems (Norment 2). Despite the fact that Herrick was not part of this era, he is born of this blood. Black poems are the forefathers of poetry categories such as jazz and rhythm & blues (Norment 3). According to Norment, the American society, which was then dominated by white people, was profoundly influenced by black poetry of the day (23). Black poetry during the 1990s was copied and expanded by whites, and thus whites managed to become rich and famous for what was known to be imitations (Norment 24). Problems Encountered Despite the fact that Herrick is not categorized among the best poets, he encountered many problems. 1n the 1660s, the poetry was seen as very sophisticated and social, and therefore, blacks were not allowed to participate (Nettles 8). However, this problem seemed to have been dissolved with the emergence of Marian Anderson (Nettles 9). The poetry door came down with the existence of Leotyne Price. Since she was a woman, her performance in the opera was not seen as a threat to the male dominated society (Nettles 6). According to many researchers, this aspect never made any sense since it showed that one gender was allowed to sing and the other denied (Nettles 5). Other issues included financials in a sense that white poets were much more preferred to black ones. However, if there was a talented black poet, he would be hired for much less amount (Nettles 6). This aspect of the opera gave birth to the term â€Å"color-blind casting,†

General Electric Medical Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

General Electric Medical Systems - Essay Example PEST Analysis Political UK offers stable political conditions and a favorable business environment. The laws, rules, and regulations are also favorable for any company to establish its business operations in the region. It is said to provide a very politically friendly environment for conducting businesses. This has made it one of the leading destinations of investments by companies expanding their global operations. The country also maintains consular relationships with other countries. This would provide a favorable place for the growth of the healthcare sector (Coleman, 2010, p.12). Economic The open economy of UK enhances the facilities if international trade and also provides opportunities for conducting overseas businesses. The gross domestic product or the GDP rate is as high as $2,345 billion. According to forecasts, it is expected to develop the â€Å"strongest business environment of all major European economies for the period 2007 to 2011† (Coleman, 2010, p.12). It is also blessed with a strong workforce which is a basic requirement for the establishment of any enterprise. This implies that the company would not confront with problems in finding manpower. Socio-Cultural The most favorable aspect is the absence of any adverse cultural or religious influences on ways in which businesses are conducted. Also, the general business hours start from 9 am and runs till 5.30, which demonstrates very flexible timings of work. The number of working hours in a week is 37.5 (Coleman, 2010, p.12). The media sector is also predominant and flourishing which would provide greater facilities of communication for business and the general public. Technological It has a number of development agencies which look into the promotion of the economic growth of their respective regions. One of the main sectors that come under the purview of these agencies is healthcare technologies. It tries to identify the business needs and prospects of the industry (Coleman, 2010, p. 17). The nation has been showing immense productivity growth and has been outperforming most other nations. This can be attributed to the technological innovation of the nation. Competitive Analysis The healthcare system in the UK is highly competitive. The government has been making extensive efforts in â€Å"extending choice and competition† in the healthcare sector to enhance productivity. This has also been done in favor of improving the healthcare services as per the needs of patients. The result has been improved healthcare services at low costs (Propper, 2010, p.6). â€Å"UK Healthcare† is one of the best providers of medical services in the nation. â€Å"The UK Albert B. Chandler Hospital† is considered to be one of the best hospitals in the nation. It is also said to be the best academic medical center. The nation has also witnessed the growth of a number of online medical facilities (UK Healthcare, 2007, p.1). There are numerous numbers of suppliers of medical services. Some of the well-known names are â€Å"Baxter Healthcare Limited†, â€Å"Bayer PLC†, â€Å"Beckman Coulter UK Limited† (Burton Hospitals, 2008, p.1), etc.

Porter's Competitive Forces Model-Information Systems Research Paper

Porter's Competitive Forces Model-Information Systems - Research Paper Example Thus the competitive forces model helps one to understand the different strategies that the firm can take to counter the competition posed by the different external entities as reflected. Porter’s Five Forces Model of Business Competitiveness can be reflected as follows. Figure 1 (Source: Laudon, 2010, p.96) The business gains competitive advantage in its pursuits of governing the competitive threat imposed by these different parameters that can be analyzed as follows. Firstly the company would have potential competitors existing at the market place that can work on product or brand development and thereby gain on its existing market share. This product or brand development can work in encouraging the consumers to switch over to gain the benefits of the products and services delivered. Secondly the business company in question also needs to effectively compete in regards to new entrants in the industry. Owing to lower economic and trade barriers it is found that companies focu sing on the opening up of small retail arms and food joints tend to face lesser trade and economic constraints than companies in other industries where investment required is huge. In larger investment sectors it is hard for the companies to retrieve potential returns on the amount invested and thus are deterred from entering. Again in the third case the business company operational for a longer period happens to create a more popular understanding of the type of the attributes of the products and services developed. Thus this fact encourages the emergence of substitute products in the marketplace with both the prevalence of more innovative products and also of lesser value and price. Fourthly the company needs to counter the bargaining power of consumers in meeting the requirements both in regards to quality and pricing conditions. The number of companies in the industry being large enables the consumers to switch over to different concerns at the cost of the initial company holdin g the consumer. Finally in the fifth case the company needs to hold on to its suppliers from switching over to another company in the same industry rendering more leverage. Henceforth the business companies need to work on a greater network of suppliers where the company can tend to exert influence over the supplier groups in regards to pricing, quality and timely and effective delivery management guidelines (Laudon, 2010, p.94-97; Rainer and Cegielski, 2009, p.45-48). Thus the Porter’s Five Forces model effectively presents the situational analysis of a company’s external environment based on which the firm is required to develop its potential strategies required for market growth and business development. Utility of Information Systems in Porter’s Competitive Forces Model The analysis of the above model reflects the various competitive forces that a company is required to counter to successfully exist in the competitive business market. Herein the modern busin ess companies tend to put into use information technology applications that would help the company to effectively counter the different competitive forces. Firstly it is found that business companies in order to largely reduce the price structure of its products and services and at the same time work to generate profitability can largely integrate information systems in its applications. Retail organizations through the use of effective information systems can help reduce the amount of working capital that would be kept locked in regards to