Strategic Management of Tesla Motors †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Strategic Management of Tesla Motors Company. Answer: Presentation The report gives a short diagram of the Tesla Motors Company and its outside investigation and interior examination. The outside investigation of the organization incorporates industry contenders, general condition and openings and dangers of Tesla while inward examination incorporates assets and capacities data. Further insights concerning the assignment examined beneath: Outer Analysis Watchmen 5 powers The organization has moderate danger of new participants in the market as there is high capital interest in the vehicle business and no or not many economies of scale because of low creation in volume. Aside from that, so as to exceed expectations around here, the associations master needs to have ideal information and experience about the items which all organizations are inadequate to have (Tansel 2015). In this manner to which the organization appreciates the force because of low danger of new section. Moderate purchasers power in the business shows that the degree of rivalry in the business makes a moderate decision for the customers as far as value, plan and usefulness. Further this force is probably going to increment with the expansion in offer of electronic vehicles. Providers power in the business is high as organizations creating electronic vehicles are profoundly reliant on Tesla (Tansel 2015). Danger of substitutes is moderate as there are both half and half and elective fuel vehicles present in the business. As the clients present in the business are exceptionally value delicate and will promptly switch in the event that they don't discover the item extraordinary as indicated by their desires. Present chances and dangers of Tesla Motors Openings As momentary government bolsters the organization in purchaser motivating forces and innovative work on account of electronic vehicles industry development stage. Likewise increment is oil and gas costs will likewise expand the interest of the results of Tesla in the business. As the organization produces electronic vehicles which runs without oil and gas because of which with increment in oil costs individuals will purchase more EV (Liu, et. al., 2014). Dangers The greatest danger to the organization is with respect to the uncertainty in the brain of clients in regards to the value, plan and its unwavering quality on the electronic vehicles. as individuals typically depend on vehicles which run on oil so the organization faces a danger in providing the EV because of less interest and disarray in the brain of clients. Likewise the business is associated with mechanical execution in the item so the organization faces trouble in coordinating to the headway present in the business. Additionally commonly the advancement impacts contrarily on the fulfillment of clients. In conclusion, absence of worldwide charging framework goes about as a downside for the EV of the organization (Birk 2015). Hence, it is a danger which can decrease the development of the organization present in the objective market. Serious condition Contenders present in the business are high, as there are numerous different celebrated firms are occupied with delivering electronic vehicles in the nation. Future it will be noticed that future competition is probably going to increment with the usage of creative innovation driven procedure in organizations. Portage, Honda and so on are the primary contenders of the organization present in the market. Inward Analysis Discussing inside investigation it will be noticed that the assets and abilities of Tesla engines helps the organization in satisfying the center skills of the association. Teslas center competency is to improve the engine inverter and batteries. Authorizing the drive impetus innovation and bundled battery framework is another center competency for Tesla. So as to satisfy the center skills the organization utilized the powertrain innovation and financing abilities to accomplish the objective. The elusive assets of the organization incorporate its generosity and inventive innovation while substantial assets incorporate stores of the organization put resources into improving the pieces of the vehicles (Linxweiler 2017). Worth Chain Analysis Essential exercises The organization claims and works two assembling plants in California and Nevada. Discussing flexibly chain, the organization has 350 providers sourcing their items globally and a few in-house specialists who screen and keep up the quality guidelines and licensed innovation. Tasks: the activities are directed with high level of unwavering quality for the plan and nature of item present in the market. Appropriation: the organization straightforwardly circulates their item to the online stores. Further tesla advance program drove the clients resale their vehicles to tesla at a sensible worth (Hill 2013). Promoting and deals: the key showcasing goal of the organization is to amplify the interest of the organization and drive the clients to purchase innovation driven items. Likewise fabricating long haul brand mindfulness is one of the destinations of the organization. Administrations: the organization pays weight on the fulfillment level of clients because of which they utilized portable experts (Tesla Ranger) organization possessed assistance Center (administration in addition to) to unravel the inquiries of clients. Supporting exercises The organization is concentrating on acquisition of item since 2010. They built up the Model X which meant to start deal from Model S. The organization vigorously depended on innovation and its improvement coming about to which they teamed up with specialists to make a recognized item. At present Tesla is utilizing around 6000 representatives in excess of 100 urban areas. Likewise the organization keeps on enlisting new abilities to help the development plan of Tesla (Ross 2014). The general organization of tesla incorporates work force and offices cost. It incorporates deals and advertising exercises, account, HRM, IT and so on exercises. Qualities of Tesla Selective electronic vehicle framework is the greatest quality of tesla which empowers the development of the organization. Additionally low advertising cost causes the organization to spare assets to make innovative headway in their items (Radius, 2017). Significant level of secrecy encourages Tesla to develop in the objective market without giving the contenders a trace of their future systems. Shortcoming of Tesla The organization faces trouble in holding benefits because of significant increment in innovative work consumption. This is additionally one of the explanation because of which the organization faces misfortune in the market. End Along these lines, it will be noticed that Tesla engines is picking up the serious edge by making mechanical incentive in their item. Likewise Tesla faces troublesomely in dealing with the inventive innovation also. References Birk, D., 2015. Tesla Motors, Inc. Market Analysis and Definition. Slope, J, 2013. electronic vehicle deal expected to develop universally to 1.8 miilion by 2023. Seen on November 6, 2017 from https://cleantechnica.com/2014/08/12/electric-vehicle-deals expected-develop all inclusive 1-8-million-2023/ Linxweiler, J.A., 2017. Touchy Analysis of Tesla Motors, Inc. Liu, R., Wang, H., Xue, J., Xu, X. also, Xie, Y., 2014. Capital structure examination of Tesla Motors, Inc. Sweep, 2017. Tesla Motors: accomplishing greatness and development abroad. Seen on November 6, 2017 from https://www.radiusworldwide.com/information/contextual analyses/contextual investigation tesla-engines Ross, P. 2014. Tesla explore financial plan: spending as quick as possible. Seen on November 6, 2017 from https://spectrum.ieee.org/vehicles that-think/transportation/propelled vehicles/teslas-explore financial plan spending-as-quick as-possible and something to be thankful for as well Tansel, A.K., 2015. Examination of Tesla Motors Marketing Communications Strategy. Tansel, A.K., 2015. Advertising Report on Tesla Motors.

History of Islam

Islam is the religion of the Arabic and Iranian universe of which Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was the prophet. He lived from 570A.D to 632A.D.The word Islam is gotten from ‘silm’ which implies harmony, compliance and accommodation. It implies accommodation to the desire of God. Islam is one of only a handful barely any incredible and wide-spread religions of the world. The followers of Islam are called as Muslims.Islam came later than the other incredible monotheistic religions, similar to Judaism and Christianity. It drew its motivation for the most part from Judaism and Nestorianism. Muhammad (P.B.U.H) acknowledged the motivation of the Old Testament and professed to be a replacement to Moses, and in spite of the fact that he did no perceive Jesus as God, he recognized Him as a prophet sent by God to manage the mankind on the way of spirituality.The consecrated book of Islam is called as Quran. This book is written in Arabic and Muslims remember the entire or part of it. Like Orthodox Judaism Islam is a strict disapproved of religion lived in regular day to day existence. No Muslim is in any uncertainty as to precisely how he should carry on in the occasions of his day.Muhammad’s (P.BU.H) fundamental accomplishments were the decimation of worshipful admiration, the welding of warring clans into one network, the advancement of a success which drove after his demise to the extraordinary and refined realm which spread all through the Middle East into North Africa, north India, and eventually to Spain. That it didn't spread all over Europe was because of the Muslim annihilation by Charles Martel at Tours in 732.After the passing of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) the rules of govt come under the control of his replacements called as ‘Khalifas†. The initial four caliphs are proclaimed as the devout caliphs or ‘Khulfa-e-Rashideen’. The first among them was Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A). He remained khalifa of Muslims from 632A.D to 63 4A.D. Assuming control over wars of disaffection (the Battle of Yamama 633A.D).These wars were battled against individuals who announce themselves as prophets and the individuals who will not pay ‘Zakat’. The next were Umar (Aug 634-Nov 644), Usman (644-656A.D) and Ali(656-661A.D). These four rulers were chosen to administer by four diverse choice procedures. They set up an arrangement of government which is monarchical and administered an immense realm as per the principles and guidelines set by Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and the sacred Quran.During the rule of these four caliphs the Islamic state broadened its outskirts widely. Gradually this arrangement of Government deteriorated into a common realm which becomes eager for power and undermined. However, genuinely the Islamic realm was spreading huge yet politically there were numerous crevices in it. That undermined it a lot.After the demise of Umar, Usman succeed the seat however he was blamed for bias and nepotism. He was killed and prevailing by Ali. Yet, the Muslims had been isolated by then into gatherings and groups that were at blades drawn towards one another in view of political and ideological contrasts and a common war(657-659A.D) began between them that was likewise announced as the ‘first Fitna’ in Islam.The common war was battled between Ali on one side and Amir Muawiyah on the other. In actuality the envy and competition between the two clans, banu Hashim (the clan to which Hazrat Muhammad P.B.U.H and Ali has a place) and banu Ummayah (the clan of Usman, Abu Safiyan and Muawiyah), had been continuing for the long time even before the introduction of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H).‘The clash of Camel’ among Ali and Muawiyah stayed ambivalent and Ali was killed by a Hwariji. After his passing Muawiyah succeeded the seat (661-680A.D). In this manner set out the establishment of the innate Umayyad caliphate.Amir Muawiyah broadens further the limits of Muslim state with the assistance of a capable Muslim general Uqba canister Nafi. At the point when he selected his child Yazid (680-683A.D) as his replacement he brought forth the second Fitna (683-685A.D) in Islamic domain. Imam Hussain, the grandson of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) likewise made a case for the ruler boat of the Islamic realm. His revolt neglected to succeed and the family of banu Ummayah administered for another seventy years.During their rule Muslim world reached out to North Africa and Central Asia just as to numerous different spots. There monetary position improved incredibly. There religion got acknowledgment everywhere throughout the world as Muslims spread themselves in far and wide of the globe. This new domain was open minded towards the strict opportunity of its non-Muslim subjects however an expense called ‘jizyah’ was forced on them. With the presentation of non-Arab Muslims into the Islamic realm the pressure developed inside the state.

Designing a Calculator with FSM Logic

Designing a Calculator with FSM Logic My friend Robert V. 20 is a Course 6-3 (Computer Science) sophomore, the MIT African Students Associations webmaster, and has TAd an interesting IAP class called 6.148, a web development class and competition. Hes a really smart guy, and I found out about this cool post he put up on Medium and asked if I could reformat it and post it to the blogs. Robert is passionate about web design and development, and is also really great at teaching. Hes always the first person that many of our Course 6 freshman friends reach out to for help in their introductory courses. Robert lives in Maseeh Hall, was born in Goma and grew up in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. I hope you enjoy his post as much as I did!   As far as I can tell, making a calculator is a classic first time programmer’s challenge. So, as I was helping some of my fellow underclassmen learn web dev, I suggested making a calculator! For best practice purposes, I also suggested starting off with brainstorming: First, we design how this calculator is going to work, Then, we can implement code for this, And finally, we can make it pretty As we were brainstorming, we naturally through that a coherent design logic for our calculator would be a finite state machine (FSM)! WAIT. What’s a Finite State Machine (FSM)? NOTE: If you’re familiar with FSMs, you can skip this section entirely. An FSM is a mathematical objects made of states, state transitions, and inputs. FSMs are widely used in computer science and engineering to model the behaviors of machines. At any given time, an FSM has one state and can receive inputs. Based on those inputs, the FSM can change both state (through state transitions) and interval variables of the FSM. HERE’S AN EXAMPLE: The state machine of the human body. A very simplified human body has 2 states: hungry and full. When humans are hungry, they need food in order to get back to being in the full state, and at the same time, they may become happy  when they get food. Becoming happy in this case would be an internal variable of the state machine, and eating would be an input. Then, humans use all their energy (the other input) which makes them hungry again. They could become SAD too. So, inputs essentially lead to state change in a state machine. Here’s what this simple human body state machine would look like when graphically represented: Ok, let me show you another example! You’re about to see an FSM that you’re very familiar with but that was just never called an FSM: the state of matter. Right, isn’t that cool? We learn this in high school, but they never call it that way. Anyway, this state machine has 4 states: PLASMA, GAS, SOLID, LIQUID. There are transitions from states to states, which are inputs that are either caused by nature or by humans. Internal states of this state machines could be, for example, the boiling temperature of the given matter, the name of the given matter, etc. Why Are (Finite) State Machines Important? They provide us with a very systematic way of modelling anything that can happen in real life (such as state of matter). Based on state machines, we can easily use mathematics to derive both properties of those machines. State machines are widely used in probabilistic applications, such as modelling the motion of a robot looking for a reward located somewhere the robot does not know using Markov Random Process (which is also a subset of state machines). State machines also allow to naturally and easily expand our model (both through the design and through code). For example, in the human body, we could add another state, not full / not hungry, where the human person could be feeling meh. To add that, we simple create a new state and add some transitions to it. Of course, there are times when other models are better, but state machines work best for certain kinds of applications. Finally, if you’re more interested, here’s an article on embeddedrelated.com by Jason Sacks that goes over a lot more details that I did. If you find this interesting, you will love that article. Back to Calculators Later on, we decided to use the iPhone’s calculator to identify all the possible states in our calculator state machine simply by playing around doing multiple arithmetic computations. And… It quickly turned out to be much more complicated than I thought. Here’s some thought to not using a state machine: Designing a calculator without thinking about all the state machine’s logic is very simple. It works well for most operations, and noticing the imperfections in it can be subtle. However, there are operations that simply do not work well, such as 2 + 4 * 2, which in reality is 2 + (4 * 2) = 10 and can be erroneously evaluated as (2 + 4) * 2 = 12. Another way to design a calculator is one where the user can input expressions, such as 3 * 4, which can be easily evaluated with functions like eval. Not that I am not suggesting using eval (it’s know to be a bad practice); it’s just a quick solution that could help quickly get down to implementing all the UI for the calculator. However, nicely designing a calculator with a correct finite state machine is not that easy. Nevertheless, I decided to pursue this interesting challenge, and this is what I came up with: That looks quite complicated. Let me explain. Note: if you’d like to skip to the end, I posted JavaScript gist code snippet that implements this. The main idea behind a simple calculator is that we receive inputs, and based on those inputs, we make some operations, and if needed, we change the output display on the screen. Inputs may be: numbers (one of 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,.. note that I included the . as a “number”), operations (one of +,-,*,/), equality (i.e. =), or reset (could be C or AC on iPhone. One of them is clear which is same as clear entry and the other is clear all). Then, we can denote the inputs as follows: Operations are OP  for +,-,*,/, OPS for +,-, and OPC for *,/. C for complex, S for simple. Equality is just =. Input numbers may be one of fk, sk, or tk. The k actually stands for the new input’s index for numbers such that a number is a sequence of digit characters f0,f1,f2,,fk-1, and the input makes the number become f0,f1,,fk. For example, in 123, f0=1, f1=2, f2=3 and k-1=2. The input f3=4 will change that number into 1234. The reset button is RES. This is like pressing AC or C on your iPhone’s calculator. Next, I designed the underlying structure of the calculator as blocks of the form: |---|-----|---|-----|---| | F | OP1 | S | OP2 | T | |---|-----|---|-----|---| F stands for “first” as in “first number” OP1 is the first operation S is stands for “second” as in “second number” OP2 is the second operation, and finally T stands for “trailing” as in “trailing number”. By now, you can probably imagine that we’d be doing operations against the first and second number and against the second number against the trailing number, but how are the operations actually made, what do each of those blocks actually mean, and where does the result get stored? Let me explain all of it! The State Logic What we need is to identify all the possible states for this FSM. This is the difficult part. I learned here that this type of calculators try to make the most logical assumption while respecting the rules of mathematics, and it can be beautifully describes with only 7 states! Before diving into these 7 states, first, here’s what the state parameters in a state represent: F - the value of the first number OP1 - the operation between the first and second number S - the value of the second number OP2 - the operation between the second number and trailing number T - the value of the trailing number D - what is displayed on the screen; it can be one of F, S, and T The inputs that I listed above are what will lead to various state transitions. Now, onto the states: STATE 1: INITIAL State So, the initial state looks like: F: 0 OP1: + S: 0 OP2: + T: 0 D: F This is the state we start off with. There’s nothing interesting, and the values that we start with are just zeros and + operations. Pressing RES will take us back to the initial state: it essentially has no effect. YES, self loops are allowed in FSMs. Pressing any number, denoted by fk (which must be equal to f0 for this input coming from the INITIAL state) will take us to the TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state. I will talk about that state next. The number is denoted with lowercase f because it will be filled into the first number F. Note that adding numbers into other blocks will then have to either be sk or tk for block S and block T respectively. Finally, pressing any operation OP will take us to the TRANSITION state. Note that this will change OP1 to become OP, whatever OP may be among +,-,*,/. This state is upcoming as well. STATE 2: TRANSITION FROM INITIAL Let me point out that my naming convention here is a bit weird, but I tried my best to give these states meaningful names. Without further ado, this state looks like this: F: f0...fk-1 OP1: ~OP1 S: ~S OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: F Some things to note: I use the ~ notation to denote that the value of this key is whatever the given state key was before (not that it could be that the state key does not match state key, e.g.: S: ~F). Some later states will cause these values to change and not be + or 0 as in the initial state. So, anyway: Pressing RES will take us to TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state (i.e. back to here) if F is not equal to 0. It will clear F (i.e. set it to 0). Pressing RES will take us back to INITIAL state if F = 0. This means all parameters become what they used to be. i.e. F=0, OP1=+, S=0, D=F, OP2=+, T=0. I will show why this is important at the end. Pressing any number fk will take us back to this same state, TRANSITION FROM INITIAL and simply append fk to f0fk-1. Pressing the = sign will take us to the EQUAL state. Through this, it will make the evaluation (F) OP1 (S) and place the result in the F block when it reaches the equal state. Finally, pressing any operation OP will take us to the TRANSITION state. Note that this will change OP1 to become OP, whatever OP may be among +,-,*,/. This will also duplicate F into S. STATE 3: TRANSITION If you go back to the visual, you will notice that this state is the most frequented state (i.e. has the most arrows coming into it). EQUAL is the second most frequented. Anyway, this state looks like: F: ~F OP1: OP S: ~F OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: F Note that to reach this state, one must press an operation OP; that is the value that OP1 takes! There’s also something funny that happens here: the value of F gets duplicated into S. This is an optimization that was made by the iPhone. It’s a design decision that did not have to happen but works very well. Let’s say you press 3 then *. Then, what happens if you press = ? Do you get a zero because you didn’t type the second number? With this design decision, you’d get a 9 because we assume that you meant 3 * 3. I think it’s cool that they thought of this! Then, pressing any OP leads us back to this state. It simply changes the operation to the new one. Pressing = evaluates (F) OP1 (S) and places the result in F. Then, it takes us to the EQUAL state. Note that when it takes us to the equal state, both OP and S and every other parameters of the state remain unchanged. This is also cool. Do you see why? Maybe it’ll be more obvious once we get into the EQUAL state. Pressing RES takes us back to TRANSITION FROM INITIAL. On the way to it, it removes all the values in F and replaces it with 0. All the other parameters remain unchanged. Finally, pressing another number sk takes us to the TRANSITION FROM TRANSITION state. As you can imagine, this changes the value of S. Note that as coming from TRANSITION, sk = s0 (the very first index of the second number regardless of what S currently is, it will overwrite it). STATE 4: TRANSITION FROM TRANSITION (That naming though… Sigh) This state is interesting. It looks like this: F: ~F OP1: ~OP1 S: s0...sk-1 OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: S You can probably note that the display has now changed from F to S. Now, we’re displaying the second number! Pressing sk takes us back to this same state, it just appends sk to S so that it now becomes s0sk. Pressing = takes us to the EQUAL state. Again, it will evaluate (F) OP1 (S) and place the result in F and also keep all other parameters unchanged. Pressing RES takes us back to TRANSITION FROM TRANSITION if S is not equal to 0. This will clear S and replaces it with 0. Pressing RES when S = 0 will take us back to INITIAL. This means that everything will get back to what it started off with. Finally, pressing OP is the interesting case. There is actually two possible cases here: If we press OPS, we evaluate the expression (F) OP1 (S) and place its result on F. It will also place that same result on S as well. This is because we’re doing a simple + or operation, so we can just evaluate the pression. OP1 will become OPS, whatever it may be. Then, it will take us back to the TRANSITION state. If we press OPC and OP1 = OPC, then we do the same as when we press OPS except it’s OPC. of course. Finally, if we press OPC, we will be taken to the TRAILING state if OP1 is OPS (i.e. if OP1 is one of + or ). In this state, OP2 becomes OPC (i.e. one of * or /) and OP1 is always an OPS. S remains what it was, which is s0sk-1, but T will now get the value of S. The display D and S remain unchanged. STATE 5: TRAILING Why do we have a trailing state? Imagine the expression 9+5*2, should it evaluate to 14*2=28 or should it evaluate to 9+10=19? If you care about Mathematics, you know that multiplication takes precedence. That is why we have both the TRAILING state and the TRANSITION FROM TRAILING state! Note that in this state, OP1 is always OPS and  OP2 is always OPC. The TRAILING state looks like: F: ~F OP1: ~OP1=OPC S: ~S OP2: OPC T: ~S D: S Pressing = takes us to the EQUAL state. The evaluation is different however. First, we evaluate (S) OP2 (T), place the result into S (note that we make this evaluation before moving to the equal state), then we evaluate (F) OP1 (S), which places the result into F (note that we make this evaluation after moving into the equal state). So, now, F is essentially (F) OP1 ((S) OP2 (T)). All other expressions remain unchanged. Pressing RES will take us to the TRANSITION FROM TRAILING state. This will immediately set T = 0 and all parameters will remain unchanged. The display will become T. Someone pressing tk = t0 is essentially equivalent to pressing RES from the TRAILING state. Pressing OPC leads us back to the TRAILING state and simply change the OPC on OP2. Pressing OPS will run the same evaluation done with pressing =, i.e. it will place (F) OP1 ((S) OP2 (T)) into F but also on place it on S. OP1 will be OPS, whatever it may be, and the display will be F. Other keys will remain unchanged. Finally, pressing tk will take us to the TRANSITION FROM TRAILING state. In this case (i.e. coming from TRAILING), tk = t0. The display also changes to D=T . STATE 6: TRANSITION FROM TRAILING This state looks like: F: ~F OP1: ~OPS S: ~S OP2: ~OPC T: t0...tk-1 D: T Pressing RES if T = 0 will take us back to INITIAL state. Everything will be cleared. However, if T is not equal to 0, pressing RES will just clear T (i.e. set it to 0) and remain in this state. Pressing tk will just append tk into the current value of T. Pressing = will evaluate the expression just as evaluated when pressing = during the TRAILING state, and it will take us to the EQUAL state. Pressing OPC will take us to the TRAILING state. This will evaluate (S) OP2 (T) and place the result in both S and T. Then, it will change OP2 to be the new input OPC . The display will change back to S. Pressing OPS will take us to the TRANSITION state. This will evaluate the expression similar to how it’s evaluated in the TRAILING state. STATE 7: EQUAL Whew! Finally, the EQUAL state. This state looks like: F: (F) OP1 (S) OP1: ~OP1 S: ~S OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: F Note that the display in the equal state is always F. Pressing = re-evaluates (F) OP1 (S) and places the result into F. Note that S will remain the same in this case. Pressing OP will take us to the TRANSITION state. Then, it will make a copy of F and place it into S. Then, OP1 will be the newly received operation. Pressing fk will take us to the TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state. In this case, fk = f0. Everything else will remain unchanged. Pressing RES will also take us back to the TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state. However, it will delete F and replace it with 0. The Calculator (an example!) Parting Notes This is the calculator shown in the video above. It’s a really nice state machine that works well for these simple operations, and the design is great because it can be easily expanded to more complicated operations such as sin or floor. I wanted to point out that I didn’t really talk about how we are appending to the numbers. In case fk (or equivalently sk and tk ) is . , we only append when there is no . in the number. For example, pressing . when F=243 will make F=243. . However, pressing . when F=23.5 will have no effects! Also, pressing any number other than 0 when F=0 needs to change F into that number (equivalently for S and T). This is definitely not crazy difficult, but I’d say it’s more complicated that it looks, and it’s been a rewarding exercise to actually design this calculator. Here’s code that I wrote that does this in JavaScript (which is meant to be used for a calculator website) Or, check it out on Github. Thanks for reading! Post Tagged #6.148

Louisa May Alcott and Her Work Essay example - 1332 Words

Louisa May Alcott and Her Work Louisa May Alcott was a great writer of her time and is the perfect example of how mixed messages during the American Renaissance affected the lives of young women everywhere. In the book Little Women Louisa gives Marmee the appearance and attitudes of her own mother, Abba Alcott. Her mother once wrote women should assert their, right to think, feel, and live individually ·be something in yourself. In contrast, Louisaà ¢s father, Bronson Alcott, felt that Louisa was more of a challenge because she was willful like her mother and should be taught to control her impulses. The American Renaissance had a profound effect on Bronson Alcottà ¢s educational†¦show more content†¦So if he truly believed in this theory he would not have thought Louisa was willful simply because she had her mothers hair color. Finally as a Transcendentalist he believed that parenting was the means to create new generations and that one must encourage having all that is great, and noble, and good in man, all that is pure, and virtuous, and beautiful, and angelic in woman(Russett 199). Therefore, Bronson Alcott believed that he would make the world a better place by molding his daughters in the image of his perfection. This caused Louisa much conflict because she did not look like her father or act like her father thought she should. This was the case throughout her life; she would always struggle between what she wanted to do and what her father or family wanted her to do. Louisa May Alcott wrote many books during her time and most of them were not novels for children. Alcott herself was an example of everything that made American women troublesome at this time. She included her concern for different social issues in her books and tried to shape the conscience of some of her readers. She was very opinionated and spoke out for womenà ¢s rights, she was independent and fought to break out of the labels placed upon her by society and her father (Wells ch3). Little Women was written to please her father and manager, she did it half-heartedly, and wasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of A Crucible Of Reform Movement 1653 Words   |  7 PagesBorn to Create Change Louisa May Alcott was in every way born to become a reformist. It is even said that â€Å"[a]s an adult, Louisa May sometimes signed her letters, ‘Yours for reforms of all kinds’† (Concord Women Cast First Votes). Growing up in early nineteenth century Massachusetts, â€Å"a crucible of reform movements,† to parents who were both incredibly dedicated to reformation, she was exposed to many different reform movements throughout the entirety of her life. While her immense success as anRead MoreEssay on Louisa May Alcott: Daughter, Author, and Transcendentalist1005 Words   |  5 PagesWhile Louisa May Alcott is most often identified as an author, she also was a dedicated daughter and sister, a Transcendentalist, and an inspiration. Part of the reason that Louisa May Alcott stands out is because of her interesting family, career, and medical history. Born on November 29, 1832 to Bronson Alcott and Abigail May in Germantown, Pennsylvania, Louisa May Alcott was brought up in an unconventional home. For most of her life, Alcott resided in Boston, Concord, and Harvard, MassachusettsRead MoreAnalysis Of Louisa Alcott s Little Women And Jo s Boys Essay996 Words   |  4 Pages11th Advanced English C. Ellison 30 November 2016 Character Development in Louisa Alcott’s Little Women and Jo’s Boys Many people are and were consumed with the character development in Little Women which was first published in 1945. A sequel of Little Women is the book Jo’s Boys; Alcott’s admirers suggested that she produce a spin-off of her story Little Women. In 1886 Louisa Alcott decided to write Jo’s Boys because her readers wanted to know what happened to all of the little girls that were inRead MoreLittle Women, by Louisa May Alcott800 Words   |  4 PagesLittle Women, by Louisa May Alcott, was published in 1868 and follows the lives, loves, and troubles of the four March sisters growing up during the American Civil War.1 The novel is loosely based on childhood experiences Alcott shared with her own sisters, Anna, May, and Elizabeth, who provided the hearts of the novel’s main characters.2 The March sisters illustrate the difficulties of girls growing up in a world that holds certain expectations of the female sex; the story details the journeys theRead MoreSojou rner Truth And Louisa May Alcott931 Words   |  4 Pagescompared to that of English Literature, and was rarely recognized in the literary world. 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The Origins Of The Cold War - 2356 Words

Cyra Mutesi-Kirenho HI742/HI747- The Cold War, 1941-1991 How Important were individual figures in the origins of the Cold War? The Cold War refers to a period post World War II characterised by a state of political tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States both supported by their allies from the Eastern and Western blocs respectively. Despite this being such a pivotal point in modern history there is a lack of clarity stemming from much debate regarding the catalyst for the Cold War and the ‘start’ as it were is instead referred to as the origins. This is a debate made additionally difficult due to the inconsistencies that lie between what actually occurred, the perception of the events and their contemporary historical interpretations. Though there is not general consensus between historians and scholars over the date of the Cold War, although 1941-1991 is a time span commonly agreed upon. The term was first coined by the Bernard Baruch in 1947 to justly describe foreign relations at the time between the Soviet Union and the United States which were in stark contrast with the World War that had not long before ended1. On face value the origins of this war may appear relatively simple- a mere conflict between the ideological bipolarities of communism versus capitalism and their inability to peacefully co-exist. But in delving deeper one may argue that it was not solely due to the aforementioned reasons but also down to theShow MoreRelatedThe Origins Of Cold War1550 Words   |  7 PagesThis research looks at the origins of Cold war, the political, ideological and economical rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union. This research draws upon mostly primary sources including memoirs, interviews and scholarly studies of cold war era conflicts. 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With these viewpoints to guide the way, the above authorsRead MoreEssay on The Origins of the Cold War817 Words   |  4 PagesThe Origins of the Cold War The Cold War period from 1945 to 1985 was a result of distrust and misunderstanding between the USSR and the United States of America. This distrust never actually resulted any fighting between the two superpowers but they came very close to fighting on several occasions. The Cold War was a result of many different events and factors including the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the Potsdam Conference of 1945, the differences between communismRead MoreOrigins of the Cold War Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesOrigins of the Cold War Revisionist historians tend to regard the outbreak of the Cold War as a result of American hostility or, at least , diplomatic incompetence, while the more traditional view lays the responsibility squarely at the feet of the Soviet Union. Assess the validity of each view. 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Indeed, there is great disagreement in explaining the source for the Cold War; some explanations draw on events pre-1945; some draw only on issues of ideology; others look to economics; security concerns dominate some arguments; personalities are seen as the root cause for some historiansRead MoreThe United States And The Origins Of The Cold War1717 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Calvo AMH2042 23 July 2015 The United States and the Origins of the Cold War Essay Thinking about the decisions, strategies and goals of Soviet Union and the United States views on world domination and the possible accomplishment of such. The first and main would be to think and observe critically concerning the worldwide political scenery in the years after World War II (1945). This moment in history; taking all the way through the Cold War, may be seen as a lapse of severe ideological polarization

Phase 1 Individual Project Free Essays

Phase 1 Individual Project The Classroom Predicament Case Study Violet has persuaded Adrian into taking a risk on plagiarism by using someone else work. I think her rate should be a 2. However because Violet is not the student in this case she cannot be held responsible for her actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Phase 1 Individual Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although I do feel that maybe if she would have helped Adrian with some of the work load on the job Adrian could have took the time to write her own paper. Encouraging a student to cheat is just as wrong as the student that has decided to submit a paper that is not one’s own. Louise is not the student in this case but he/she obviously has been or is a student. Therefore he/she is well aware of Academic Integrity Policy. I will have to rate her at a 3 because she did send the email as an attachment to Adrian. Encouraging a student is just as guilty as submitting the assignment essay writer life hacks. Professor Johnston because of his job at the University he is not able to bend the rules for Adrian. I think the Professor should be rated at a 4. There are many ways to help students that are in this type of situation (overwhelmed) because many students prefer to take time away from school and never return. Dean Richards cannot be held responsible for his actions because he is only following protocols. Therefore he can only talk with Adrian and Professor Johnston to get an understanding of her actions. He will have to be ranked at a 5. Adrian is the most responsible I think she should be rate at a 1. Adrian is aware of the Academic Integrity Policy and she understands the consequences that are listed. I think Adrian should have took the time to write her own paper during her down time whether it was on her lunch break or even after work. However because the paper has been submitted I think Adrian should try to go back and submit her own work and see if the Professor would accept it and just deduct points for what she has done. An alternate strategy is to talk to the Professor if that does not work I think she should talk to her Academic Advisor or even the Dean to take some of her load off until she is able to handle things at a normal pace again. I believe if she would have communicated with her boss she would have been in a better situation to catch up and complete all of her assignments on time without plagiarizing. In the future I recommend Adrian talk with her boss as well as her co-worker’s to get the help she need at work in order not to lose focus on her job. Then for her school work if she feels she is not able to perform at her best even with putting her all into it I think she should just take a break and try it later. Now she has a penalty on her record for plagiarizing. Students that are working full-time and have a family are faced with these situations often. There are many ways to communicate with school faculty to get the help one may need or even ones co-workers on the job. Rob was Adrian’s boos in this situation. I do not think that Rob is aware that Adrian is a current student in this situation and there is nowhere in the reading it is mentioned. I think Rob should be rated at a 6 because she is swamped at work with things to complete and because of her workload increase she is not able to maintain her assignments as a student. How to cite Phase 1 Individual Project, Papers

The Evil Rooted In Women Essay Summary Example For Students

The Evil Rooted In Women Essay Summary The Evil Rooted In WomenChaucer, in his female pilgrimage thoughtof women as having an evil-like quality, that they always tempt and takefrom men. They were depicted of untrustworthy, selfish and vain. Throughthe faults of both men and women, Chaucer showed what is right and wrongand how one should live. Under the surface, however, lies a jaded lookof women and how they cause for the downfall of men. (chuckiii, 4) Chaucerobviously had very opinionated views of the manners and behaviors of womenand expressed it strongly in The Canterbury Tales. In his collection oftales, he portrayed two extremes in his prospect of women. The Wife ofBath represented the extravagant and lusty woman where as the Prioressrepresented the admirable and devoted followers of church. (Chaucer, 8)Chaucer delineated the two characters contrastingly in their appearances,general manners, education and most evidently in their behavior towardmen. Yet, in the midst of disparities, both tales left its readers withan unsolved enigma. We will write a custom essay on The Evil Rooted In Women Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Wife of Bath represents the liberalextreme in regards to female stereotypes of the Middle Ages.(chuckiii,4) Unlike most women being anonymous during the Middle Ages, she has amind of her own and voices herself. Furthermore, she thinks extremely highlyof herself and enjoys showing off her Sunday clothes whenever the opportunityarises. She intimidates men and women alike due to the power she possesses. Because of her obnoxious attitude Chaucer makes her toothless, fat andlarge. Doubtlessly, she is very ugly, almost to the point of not-presentable.The Prioress, on the other hand, serves as a foil to the Wife of Bath. Chaucer describes her as tenderhearted who can not bear the sight ofpain or physical suffering. She will cry at the thought of a dog dying. It could represent that she has a frail soul with low tolerance for painand suffering.(fordham, 16) The latter description carries over into themodern stereotypes about women as skittish and afraid members of societywho need to be cared for. (Fordham, 16) Chaucer paints a very delicateand elegant picture of the Prioress. Her manners of eating are far fromthe brutish festivals of the time. Chaucer describes her table mannersas very graceful, not a drop of anything would fall from her mouth, andshe was very polite when taking thing at the table. (lines 131-4). Chaucerslast description of Prioress the letter A around her neck that stoodfor Amor vincit omnia meaning Love conquers all. The brooch symbolizeslove with which her rosaries are adorned is a common accessory for religiousdevotion which carries the courtly love anthem: love conquers all. (info,15) The symbol that she wears delineates that she is perfect. Accordingly,the Wife of Bath is daunting, ostentatious and ultimately ugly. She isnothing in comparison to the Prioress who is elegant, pious, well-manneredand above all loving. The Prioresss superiority over the Wifeof Bath is shown again in the presence of education. The Wife of Bath hastraveled a great deal and seems knowledgeable about things of the world. She brings up many a valid point throughout the prologue but Chaucer voidsher opinion because of her social class and looks when in truth she isactually wise. The Wife of Bath has understanding for the world and knowsvery well whats going on. However, during the Middle Ages, only scholarlyor academic knowledge is recognized.(shef, 14) What the Wife of Bath understandsand pursues may not be commendable. On the contrarily, the Prioress isconsidered scholastic and high class due to her well-manners. Her abilityto speak the noble language French puts her character in a higher classas well.(prioress, 10) Thus, the Prioress is considered erudite and intelligent. Basically, the Wife of Bath is kind of a foil to the women during the MiddleAges. Her actions and thinking not only differ from the Prioress but almostfrom everyone else!!!The Wife of Bath is radical especiallywhen it comes to relationship with men. She is characterized as knowingmuch about love which is illustrated by her physical defect-being gap-toothedsymbolizing sexual accomplishment. The Wife of Bath cannot resist tellingher companions about all of her sexual experiences. She also had five husbandsand countless affairs, thus breaking innocent mens hearts. Her husbandsfell into two categories. The first category of husbands was rich but alsoold and unable to fulfill her sexual demands. The other husbands weresexually vigorous, but harder to control. None of her five marriage wassuccessful because the Wife of Bath was constantly seeking to have powerand control over them. For instance, her fifth but not the last (it wassaid that she on her way of marrying the sixth before she tol d her tale)marriage was unhappy because her husband who is half of her age beats her. .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f , .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f .postImageUrl , .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f , .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f:hover , .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f:visited , .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f:active { border:0!important; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f:active , .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a996ab6b1550cc87e442e02ccc3713f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Expressions of Art EssayTo anger him, she tore three pages from his book. After this he beats heragain. She pretended to be dead and he felt so guilty that he threw hiswhole book in the fire. This gave her the upper hand for the rest of hislife. What a contrast between the Wife of Bath and the Prioress. First,the violent and deceitful act of tearing books then malingering will neverbe done by the Prioress. Remember, the Prioress is pious, well-mannered,educated, powerful and above all, is LOVING. Second, this issue of marriageand sexual demand will never have its roots in the Prioresss life. Shehas taken the vow of chastity. The Prioress is pure in heart and thinksof men a nd women alike. She does not think sexually about anyone. (I guessedeven if she did, it was only a thought, no actions ever accompanied herthoughts.) Its interesting how the Wife of Bath was always striving tohave sovereignty and the Prioress was granted sovereignty even though shedidnt seek for it intentionally. The Wife of Bath and the Prioress alikehave power over men. It is rare that women are given such high statureduring the Medieval period. (medjugorje, 17) The Prioress as her name suggestsa superioress in a monastic community for women is so important thatthree priests were in her company; she essentially was their boss. (Catholic,9) The hag whom the Wife of Bath identifies with, initially was grantedsovereignty and power over man. This is proven when the hag offers herhusband the choice: he can have her old and ugly and faithful or young,beautiful, and possible unchaste. He tells her to choose; he grants herthe sovereignty. As mentioned above, the Wife of Bath desireswhat most women want and that is power over men. Chaucer portrays the Wifeof Bath as a feminist. Early in the tale, there is a quotation said bythe Wife of Bath supporting the idea that she is feministic. I dont denythat I will have my husbands both my debtor and my slave, and as long asI am his wife he shall suffer in the flesh. I will have command over hisbody during all his life, not he. In other words, she is saying that shewill have total control over herself, her husband, and their householdand very specifically, not just the husband. However, there are also situationswhere she seems to submit to her husband. Nevertheless, since I know yourpleasure I will satisfy your physical pleasure. This was said by the Wifeof Bath and supports the non-feministic view. It is considered non-feministicbecause the woman is giving in to the mans desire which goes against feministicbeliefs. The Wife of Bath has a choice of not giving in to the man, but she decides to let the man have pleasure for his desire not hers, becausefrom her past experience she knew how much men enjoy it when women aresubmissive. This quotation obviously goes against feministic beliefs, leavingan unanswered contradiction about the Wife of Bath. The character of thePrioress in the same light, certainly keeps one guessing. Is her tale theproduct of the simple mind, or of one poisoned by anti-Semitism?(theater,11) The Prioress supposedly is pious, well-mannered, educated, powerful,and all loving. Ironically, her prologue and tale contain strong elementsof anti-Semitism. This is shown through her use of the Jew as the villainof her tale. However, there is no historical evidence of ritual murderof Christian children by Jews, but that would not have mattered to thepilgrims.(fordham, 3) Anti-Semitism, directed at a people thought to haveboth rejected and murdered Christ, was distressingly deep-seated. (icg,2) This bigotry unfortunately was rampant at the time, an d both the sentimentsand their being expressed in the context of a religious story would nothave seemed strange to Chaucers pilgrimage.(theather, 11) Nevertheless,on a less depressing note, her tale can tell us something of the medievalattitude towards simple piety and miracles, which also was quite prevalent.(icg,2)Personally, I think this is a story about a Christian miracle; I dontthink it is about he Jews at all. Besides, the Jews were expelled fromEngland in 1290.(huntington, 7) The Jew only functions as a vehicle topoint up the miracle. Yet, whether this tale is the product of the simplemind or anti-Semitism still remains an enigma. This is here the only timewhen the Wife of Bath and the Prioress relate to each other. .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 , .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 .postImageUrl , .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 , .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202:hover , .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202:visited , .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202:active { border:0!important; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202:active , .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202 .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa981b1f51cd54b487438e7609a5a202:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Artificial Intelligence EssayThe Wife of Bath is seeming feministicyet there are also some situations in which she do as the men wish. ThePrioress keeps one wondering. Most of the ecclesiastical characters inthe Canterbury Tales are clearly either truly pious or, more often, blatantlyavaricious and hypocritical.(chuckiii, 5) The Prioress seems to be a perfectlady or is she Chaucer portrays the tale of Wife of Bath as hypocriticalbut between the lines there is some helpful advice for many women in theworld today. Chaucer, maybe is trying to educate women through her talethat there are times one should be a feminist and times one should not. If a woman would be a feminist all her life, she probably wouldnt getanywhere in her life or with any man. If a woman were not to have a feministiccharacter anytime of her life, she would be overwhelmed by most men, ofwork or whatever the case may be.(icg,) However, with the tale of the Prioress,I dont think Chaucer intended to get any message across. This portionof the Canterbury Tales seems like a beautiful sonnet. He seems to describeas if he was in love with her. When Chaucer describes other characters,he does not go into such great details of their actions.(vahid, 1) Butwith the Prioress, it seems like one can picture and see the her eatingher elegantly. (line 52). Chaucer may have lusted after a woman of thechurch is that he left us with the description of her brooch. This is whathe wants us to see when we think of the prioress; a devotion to love.(vahid,1)In conclusion, it is not only in the narrationthat women are thought of as having an depraved mind, that they alwaystempt a nd take from men, but in almost of the stories. They are depictedof deceitful, egotistic and vain throughout the collection of tales. Throughthe tales of the Wife of Bath and the Prioress, Chaucer represented thetwo extremes in his view of women. Wife of Bath represented the radicalextreme where as the Prioress represented the woman as glorious and commendable. These two characters constantly served as the foil against each other inappearances, general manners, education and most evidently in their behaviortoward men. However, they stand in one common ground in which their talesleft the readers in a quandary.!!Bibliography1. World Wide Web. http://eee.uci.edu/Vahid Berdjis2. World Wide Web. http://icg.fas.harvard.edu/~chaucer/index.html. 3. World Wide Web. http://www.ford.ham.edu/halsall/source/g10-jews.html4. World Wide Web. http://www.chuckiii.com/chi.bin/clickcount5. World Wide Web. http://www.chuckiii.com/adspa/ads.cgi?advert=data36. World Wide Web. http://www.canterburytales.org/canterburyphp3?elf7. World Wide Web. http://www.huntington.org/libarayDiv/Chuacerpitct.html8. World Wide Web. http://www/icg.fst.harvard/edu/~chaucer9. World Wide Web. http://www.catholicencyclopedia/~prioress10. World Wide Web. http://www/prioress.org/advent11. World Wide Web. http://yahoo.com/theatercommentary/Prioresstale/procovative/forum/anti-semitism?bin/html12. World Wide Web. http://geocities.yahoo.com/addons/interact/mbe.html13. World Wide Web. http://etext.virginia.edu/CT.html14. World Wide Web. http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/academic/I-Mis/ 15. World Wide Web. http://www/info.ox.ac.uk/department/humanites/canterbury.html16. World Wide Web. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall.source/in3/consjews.html17. World Wide Web. http://www.medjugorje.org/lofficep.htm

Chapter 21 Essays - World History, Turkic Peoples, Ottoman Empire

Chapter 21 Essays - World History, Turkic Peoples, Ottoman Empire Chapter 21 The Muslim Empires I. Introduction A. Muslim world essentially destroyed by those pesky Mongols B. But then...out of nowhere...came the return of the Muslims 1. Ottoman Empire - the biggest 2. Safavid Empire - Afghanistan and Iran 3. Mughal - the northern part of India C. These "gunpowder empires" could be compared with Russia and the West 1. In fact...they probably will be on a test not far, far away a. All militarily important b. Interacted far less with west than Russia c. Maintained control over how much they wanted to deal w/ West II. The Ottomans: From Frontier Warriors to Empire Builders A. Introduction 1. Turkic-speaking peoples a. Some fleeing Mongols, some looking for booty b. Osman leads one of these peoples - the Ottomans 2. Ottomans attack Byzantine Empire a. Finally Mehmed II defeats Constantinople b. Big bad guns too much for big bad walls 3. Extending the Ottoman Empire a. Scary naval power in Mediterranean b. Spread empire down to Egypt and across N. Africa 1. Looks kind of like what the Roman Empire looked like, w/out Europe c. Threatened Vienna, but didn't take d. But...Europe afraid of Ottomans for centuries...always in back of mind 1. Near the hypothalamus area B. A State Geared to Warfare 1. Economy and social class based on warfare a. Warrior class goes to top...surprise...guess who got to make the rules b. Competed for power with religious leaders and administrators 2. Army of Janissaries a. aka "Really Good Christian Slave Soldiers that Fight For Us" 1. Some given by parents, some taken forcibly 2. Schooled and could become bureaucrats 3. Hey...this is another type of coerced labor...interesting b. Became more powerful than cavalry - threatened aristocracy 1. What's scarier...Mr. Ed the Horse or a canon and gun? C. The Sultans and Their Court 1. Sultans control those beneath and economy a. Manipulated factions - aristocracy, religious, administrators b. Commerce given to Christians/Jews - "people of the book" 2. Sultans grow distant from the masses a. This will surprise you, but...sultans got richer b. Spent all their days blowing money on wives, rituals and palaces c. Viziers ended up taking control - think Prime Minister 3. Problems with succession a. Like the rest of the Muslim world (similarity), succession confusing b. When you have a harem, you have many sons 1. You die...they fight each other 2. Losing sons sometimes fled to enemy nations to stage revolt D. Constantinople Restored and the Flowering of Ottoman Culture 1. Changing Constantinople a. After destroyed/sacked - rebuilt b. Hagia Sophia converted from cathedral to mosque c. Aqueducts built, markets reopened, city's walls repaired 2. Future sultans try to improve mosques, infrastructure a. Architecture blends best of Muslim/Byzantine world a. Mansions, rest houses, schools, hospitals, gardens b. Fun and exciting markets c. Coffeehouses became centers of socialization, literary sharing and ingesting of caffeinated beverages 3. Regulation of merchants and artisans a. Government inspectors monitored quality of goods/artisans b. Artisans joined together in guilds - that sounds just like Europe 4. Language shift to Turkish a. Ummm...they shifted language to Turkish - literature and official business E. The Problem of Ottoman Decline 1. Different perspectives of Ottoman Empire a. Some talk about how bad decline was b. Eventually became "sick man" of Europe 2. Long decline means actually quite strong a. How many other empires have are around for 600 years 1. US has been an empire for about 61 years...but we've been declining for 28 months b. By 17th century, they started retreat from Russia, Europe, Arab lands c. Too large to be maintained - gave regional autonomy 3. Breakdown of regional administration a. Officials became corrupt 1. Locals leaders hold back money from incompetent nincompoops 2. Some rebellions at the local level 4. Problems of imperial administration a. Future leaders not groomed, but hidden away for protection 1. Monarchs kept alive, but fairly unprepared/nave b. Leaders no longer fierce military leaders, but pampered c. Power of military started to fade F. Military Reverses and the Ottoman Retreat 1. Ottomans fall further behind Europeans a. Reliance on super huge cannons b. Janissaries don't want military change that threatens their position 1. Sounds a bit like the samurai...oohh...another connection 2. Muslim sea power ends in 16th century a. Battle of Lepanto - Spanish/Venetians wipe them out b. Fleet rebuilt, but damage done 1. Portuguese

Biography of Anne Neville, Queen of Richard III

Biography of Anne Neville, Queen of Richard III Anne Neville (June 11, 1456- March 16, 1485) was first married to the young Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales and son of Henry VII, and later became the wife of Richard of Gloucester (Richard III) and thus Queen of England. She was a key figure, if more or less a pawn, in the Wars of the Roses. Fast Facts: Anne Neville Known For: Wife of Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI; wife of Richard of Gloucester; when Richard became King as Richard III, Anne became Queen of EnglandBorn: June 11, 1456 at Warwick Castle in London, EnglandParents: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and his wife Anne BeauchampDied: March 16, 1485 in London, EnglandSpouse(s): Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI (m. 1470–1471); Richard, Duke of Gloucester, later Richard III, brother of Edward IV (m. 1472- 1485)Children: Edward, Prince of Wales (c. 1473–1484) Early Life Anne Neville was born June 11, 1456, at Warwick Castle in London, England, and likely lived there and in other castles held by her family while she was a child. She did attend various formal celebrations, including the feast celebrating the marriage of Margaret of York in 1468.   Annes father  Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, was called the Kingmaker for his shifting and influential roles in the Wars of the Roses.  He was a nephew of the  Duke of Yorks  wife, Cecily Neville, mother of Edward IV and Richard III. He came into considerable property and wealth when he married  Anne Beauchamp. They had no sons, only two daughters, of whom Anne Neville was the younger, and Isabel (1451–1476) the elder.  These daughters would inherit a fortune, and thus their marriages were especially important in the royal marriage game. Anne as Goods for Alliances In 1460, Annes father  and his uncle, Edward, Duke of York and Earl of March, defeated Henry VI at Northampton. In 1461, Edward was proclaimed King of England as Edward IV. Edward married Elizabeth Woodville in 1464, surprising Warwick, who had plans for a more advantageous marriage for him. By 1469, Warwick had turned against Edward IV and the Yorkists and joined the Lancastrian cause promoting the return of Henry VI. Henrys queen, Margaret of Anjou, was heading the Lancastrian effort from France. Warwick married his older daughter, Isabel, to George, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Edward IV, while the parties were in Calais, France.  Clarence switched from the York to the Lancaster party. Edward, Prince of Wales The next year, Warwick, apparently to convince Margaret of Anjou that he was trustworthy (because he had originally sided with Edward IV in unseating Henry VI), married his daughter Anne to Henry VIs son and heir apparent, Edward of Westminster. The marriage was held in Bayeux in mid-December of 1470. Warwick, Edward of Westminster accompanied Queen Margaret as she and her army invaded England, Edward IV fled to Burgundy. Annes marriage to Edward of Westminster convinced Clarence that Warwick had no intention to promote his kingship. Clarence switched sides and rejoined his Yorkist brothers. York Victories, Lancastrian Losses On April 14, 1471 at the Battle of Barnet, the Yorkist party was victorious, and Annes father, Warwick, and a brother of Warwick, John Neville, were among those killed. Then on May 4, in the Battle of Tewkesbury, the Yorkists won another decisive victory over Margaret of Anjous forces, and Annes young husband, Edward of Westminster, was killed either during the battle or shortly after. With his heir dead, the Yorkists had Henry VI killed days later.  Edward IV, now victorious and restored, imprisoned Anne, widow of Edward of Westminster and no longer Princess of Wales.  Clarence took custody of Anne and her mother. Richard of Gloucester When siding with the Yorkists earlier, Warwick, in addition to marrying his older daughter, Isabel Neville, to George, Duke of Clarence, had been trying to marry his younger daughter Anne to Edward IVs youngest brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester. Anne and Richard were first cousins once removed, as were George and Isabel, all descended from Ralph de Neville and Joan Beaufort. (Joan was the legitimized daughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, and Katherine Swynford.)   Clarence tried to prevent the marriage of his wifes sister to his brother. Edward IV also opposed the marriage of Anne and Richard.  Because  Warwick had no sons, his valuable lands and titles would go to his daughters husbands at his death. Clarences motivation likely was that he didnt want to divide his wifes inheritance with his brother. Clarence attempted to take Anne in as his ward in order to control her inheritance. But under circumstances that are not fully known to history, Anne escaped Clarences control and she took sanctuary at a church in London, probably with Richards organization. It took two acts of parliament to set aside the rights of Anne Beauchamp, mother of Anne and Isabel, and a cousin, George Neville, and to divide the estate between Anne Neville and Isabel Neville. Anne, who had been widowed in May of 1471, married Richard, Duke of Gloucester, brother of Edward IV, perhaps in March or July of 1472.  He then claimed Annes inheritance.  The date of their marriage is not certain, and there is no evidence of a papal dispensation for such close relatives to marry.  A son, Edward, was born in 1473 or 1476, and a second son, who did not live long, may have been born as well. Annes sister Isabel died in 1476, shortly after her birth of a short-lived fourth child. George, Duke of Clarence, was executed in 1478 for plotting against Edward IV; Isabel had died in 1476. Anne Neville took charge of raising the children of Isabel and Clarence.  Their daughter, Margaret Pole, was executed much later, in 1541, by Henry VIII. The Young Princes Edward IV died in 1483. On his death, his minor son Edward became Edward V. But the young prince was never crowned. He was put into the charge of his uncle, Annes husband, Richard of Gloucester, as Protector. Prince Edward and, later, his younger brother were taken to the Tower of London, where they disappeared from history. Its presumed that they were killed, although its not clear when. Stories have long circulated that Richard III was responsible for the deaths of his nephews, the Princes in the Tower, to remove rival claimants for the crown. Henry VII, Richards successor, also had motive and, if the princes survived Richards reign, would have had the opportunity to have them killed. A few have pointed at Anne Neville herself as having the motivation to order the deaths. Heirs to the Throne While the princes were still being held under Richards control. Richard had his brothers marriage to Elizabeth Woodville declared invalid and his brothers children declared illegitimate on June 25, 1483, thereby inheriting the crown himself as the legitimate male heir. Anne was crowned as Queen and their son Edward was made Prince of Wales. But Edward died on April 9, 1484; Richard adopted Edward, Earl of Warwick, son of his sister, as his heir, probably at Annes request. Anne may have been unable to bear another child due to her ill health. Annes Death Anne, who reportedly was never very healthy, fell ill in early 1485 and died on March 16. Buried in Westminster Abbey, her grave was unmarked until 1960. Richard quickly named a different heir to the throne, his sister Elizabeths adult son, the Earl of Lincoln. With Annes death, Richard was rumored to be plotting to marry his niece, Elizabeth of York, to secure a stronger claim to the succession. Stories soon circulated that Richard had poisoned Anne to get her out of the way. If that was his plan, he was foiled. Richard IIIs reign ended on August 22, 1485, when he was defeated by Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth. Henry was crowned Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York, bringing to an end the Wars of the Roses. Edward, Earl of Warwick, the son of Annes sister and Richards brother whom Richard adopted as heir, was imprisoned in the Tower of London by Richards successor, Henry VII, and executed after he attempted to escape in 1499. Annes possessions included a book of the  Visions of St. Matilda  which she had signed as Anne Warrewyk. Fictional Representations Shakespeare: In Richard III, Anne appears early in the play with the body of her father-in-law, Henry VI; she blames Richard for his death and that of her husband, the Prince of Wales, son on Henry VI. Richard charms Anne, and, though she also loathes him, she marries him. Richard early reveals that he does not intend to keep her long, and Anne is suspicious that he intends to kill her. She conveniently disappears as Richard begins a plan to marry his niece, Elizabeth of York. Shakespeare takes considerable creative license with history in his story of Anne. The time of the play is much compressed, and motives are likely also exaggerated or changed for literary effect. In the historical timeline, Henry VI and his son, Annes first husband, were killed in 1471; Anne married Richard in 1472; Richard III took power in 1483 soon after his brother, Edward IV, died suddenly, and Richard ruled for two years, dying in 1485. The White Queen: Anne Neville was a major character in the 2013 miniseries The White Queen, which was based on the novel of the same name (2009) by Philippa Gregory. Recent fictional representation: Anne was the subject of  The Rose of York: Love War by Sandra Worth, a 2003 work of historical fiction. Another Anne Neville A much later Anne Neville (1606–1689) was a daughter of Sir Henry Neville and Lady Mary Sackville.  Her mother, a Catholic, influenced her to join the Benedictines. She was abbess at Pointoise. Sources Gregory, Phillippa. The White Queen: A Novel. New York: Touchstone, 2009.  Hicks, Michael. Anne Neville: Queen to Richard III. Gloucestershire: The History Press, 2011.  Licence, Amy. Anne Neville: Richard IIIs Tragic Queen. Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing, 2013.

How technology, with particular emphasis on the internet and Essay - 4

How technology, with particular emphasis on the internet and computers, has changed world culture - Essay Example ideoconferencing like communication channels help people to conduct meeting in the virtual world just like real world, no matter where the people are located. Social networking is another latest development in computer technology. It helps people from distant parts of the world to assemble in a common web platform and share their ideas, views, photos and videos. Social networks play a vital role in enhancing the intercultural communication. It should be noted that increase in intercultural communication may definitely contribute heavily to global peace and harmony. The recent revolutions in Libya and Egypt are often labeled as Facebook revolution. This is because of the huge role played by Facebook in empowering the people in these countries. Business is another area in which computers and internet have brought huge changes. Instead of typewriters and fax machines, computers and internet are used in the business world at present for preparing and sending documents. Earlier, documents were stored in paper formats in the business world. However, at present such things are stored in digital format so that the data may not be conserved for longer periods. It is quite possible for the business executives to conduct business meeting and negotiations in the virtual world just like real world. Moreover, computers and internet help business people to take quick decisions. Education is another area in which computer and internet have brought meaningful changes. Instead of traditional classrooms, computer assisted classrooms are used in educational institutions at present. Students can get any information at their fingertips with the help of a single click, from internet. The difficulties in searching particular information in a book are completely eliminated by computers and internet. Distant education made possible by computers and internet. It is easy for a student in America to get tuition classes from a teacher in India with the help of computers and internet at

Berkeley provides (at least) two objections to Lockes Essay

Berkeley provides (at least) two objections to Lockes - Essay Example In his second Principle, Berkeley claims that objects must be perceived in order to exist, â€Å"for the existence of an idea consists in being perceived† (Berkeley 461). He bases this premise on the evidence that thoughts, passions and imaginative ideas cannot exist without a mind capable of perceiving them. â€Å"And (to me) it seems no less evident that the various sensations or ideas imprinted on the sense, however blended or combined together (that is, whatever objects they compose), cannot exist otherwise than in a mind perceiving them† (471). This goes directly against Locke’s concept of primary properties which are described as properties of an object that are true regardless of who perceives them or even whether they are perceived. Examples of primary properties include the object’s solidity, its figure, its relative motion to its surroundings and its quantity. In the example of a table, primary properties might include its hard surface and open a rea between the legs, its flat surface and height from the ground, its motionless status within the room and its singular status as an object. While Locke says that these things exist whether or not anyone perceives them, Berkeley suggests that none of these elements of the object can be true without someone first perceiving that they’re true. In this, he essentially applies Locke’s concepts of secondary properties to the entire object, eliminating primary properties. â€Å"In truth, the object and the sensation are the same thing and cannot therefore be abstracted from each other† (471). Another area in which Berkeley disagrees with Locke is in the characterization of our understanding. Locke indicates that our perceptions and experiences of the world are learned and shaped by our experiences of innate things that exist in the material world independently of perception while Berkeley

Use of Symbolism In Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay -- Ralph Ellis

Ralph Ellison uses several symbols to emphasize the narrator’s attempt to escape from stereotypes and his theme of racial inequalities in his novel, Invisible Man. In particular, the symbolism of the cast-iron is one that haunts the narrator throughout the book. Ellison’s character discovers a small, cast-iron bank that implies the derogatory stereotypes of a black man in society at the time. From its â€Å"wide-mouthed, red-lipped, and very black† features, to its suggestion of a black man entertaining for trivial rewards, this ignites anger in Ellison’s narrator. The cast-iron bank represents the continuous struggle with the power of stereotypes, which is a significant theme throughout the novel.1 The bank plays a significant role in the book by aiding to the author’s message of stereotypes, the narrator’s search for an individual identity, and his languished desire for equality. The narrator is constantly attempting to escape the racial profiling by everyone around him. The failure of this attempt is apparent by the inability to get rid of the broken pieces of the bank, which represents the inability to escape from the stereotypes he is affiliated with. The narrator repeatedly alludes to the fact that he is generalized because of his black heritage and therefore, invisible to society. This is especially clear when he finds the cast-iron bank. The bank is in the shape of a black slave with stereotyped features. The fact that it was a slave with a generous grin, eating coins, was demeaning. It frustrated the narrator that this was a comedic object, plainly made for the entertainment of white society at the expense of the black people. The fact that the bank is â€Å"a very black, red-lipped and wide mouthed negro† (Ralph Ellison, 319), ... ... the book, and when he is living in Harlem. Even though he has escaped the immediate and blatant prejudice that overwhelms Southern society, he constantly faces subtle reminders of the prejudice that still exists in society at this time. Even if they are not as extreme as the coin-eating bank. A major reason the Invisible man remains invisible to society is because he is unable to escape this bigotry that exists even where it is not supposed to. In this novel, Ralph Ellison uses the symbol of the cast iron bank to emphasize his feelings of sadness and frustration over the long standing bigotry that black Americans face. By having it appear at the end of the novel when he is in Harlem, where there should be less prejudice, and by his not being able to get rid of the pieces, he is stating that there is still a long process in America to erase stereotypes and bigotry.

Compare and Contrast US and Canada Capital Cities Essay

Washington dc and Ottawa share much in common in terms of geography, but they have also taken divergent paths in terms of history and culture. Originally inhabited by Native Americans, both were colonized by Europeans and later developed into two independent capitals. By 1500s, the European’s migration to North America had begun CITATION Swe02 l 1033 (Swerdlow, 2002). Europeans came to North America in search of land, valuable minerals, religious and political freedom. The European migrants came from England, France, and Spain, where they settled in colonies. Washington dc was founded on rebellion and the cult of seeking independence while Ottawa was formed through consensus among the public servants CITATION Mil11 l 1033 (Miller, 2011). While both cities share similar histories with regard to their former colonizers the British monarch, they bear divergent attitudes towards their formers colonizers. In the year 1763, France was forced to abandon most of its North American territory to the British Empire, which was a union of Scotland and England. Conflicts arose between the Native Americans and the colonial settlers as they sought to occupy the land. Most Native Americans were pushed out of their lands and their culture was nearly destroyed as a result of the conflict CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013). When the British government imposed new taxes and restriction on the freedoms of Native Americans in 1760s, all the thirteen British colonies were angered and they fought against the British to attain independence. The result was a new independent country, the United States of America. Most Americans rejected the British monarchy and set up a republic, a type of government whereby people could elect their own leaders, including the head of states. Consequently, they elected George Washington as their first president CITATION For10 l 1033 (Forsey, 2010). As some American colonists did not wish to break ties with the British monarch, they sought to leave the newly formed country. Over hundred thousand people known as the loyalist moved out of the United States and settled in the French populated regions of Quebec, which was controlled by the British monarch. In the early 1800s, French and English speaking communities in the British North America were in constant conflict over the colonial government policies CITATION Mil11 l 1033 (Miller, 2011). However, they were soon brought together due to fears of a takeover by the United States. In the year 1867, four of the colonies – Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova scout- united under Prime Minister A. MacDonald, to from the united provinces of the dominion of Canada. This was a new country under the British Empire. Other neighboring areas such as British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, also become provinces of Canada CITATION For10 l 1033 (Forsey, 2010). Nowadays, Canada encompasses the ten provinces and another three territories, the Nunavut, the Yukon Territory and the North West territories. Currently, both the governments run from Ottawa and Washington dc are democracies with federal systems, whereby the national governments share power with provinces or the state governments CITATION Bel11 l 1033 (Belanger, 2011). However, the United States governments tends to tilt more towards democracy while Canada is more conservative. Indeed, the United States has been amending laws in accordance to the democratic rights of its citizens. This has been had been a strategy stated back in 1787, the united states leaders wanted to create a strong national government whilst preserving the structures individual states and citizens CITATION Bel11 l 1033 (Belanger, 2011). Therefore, a plan called the constitutional amendments was drafted so that the constitution could be adjusted to conform to the countries changing needs. The first ten amendments were known as the bill of rights, and they guaranteed the citizens fundamental rights, such as the freedoms of religion, speech and press. Canada, on the other hand, was formed as a dominion, which was essentially a self-governing country with close links with the British monarch. Ottawa gained full independence from the British Empire in 1931, but the British governments still held the rights to approve any changes made to the constitution of Canada CITATION For10 l 1033 (Forsey, 2010). It was not until 1982 that this legislative link to the British government was severed. During its founding, Canada had a strong central government, with very little powers shred to the individual provinces. However, over the years, the powers given to the provinces has significantly increased CITATION For10 l 1033 (Forsey, 2010). The form of government in Ottawa is a constitutional monarch. The executive arm of the Canadian government encompasses the governor general, the prime minister and the cabinet CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013). In this government, the British monarch is still acts as the head of state. Additionally, the British monarch appoints the governor general in order to act in his or her place. The national legislature is known as the parliament, and it is made up of the senate and the House of Commons. The prime minister is the leaders of the majority political party in the parliament and serves as the actual head of government. The supreme court of Canada is composed of nine judges, and it is the country’s highest court CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013). On the other hand, the government in Washington is made up of three branches; the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. The executive arm of the government encompasses the president, the vice president, and all the executive departments that control various division of the federal government CITATION Swe02 l 1033 (Swerdlow, 2002). The president’s cabinet is made up of the heads of these departments. They also double up as special advisors. Elected state representatives makeup the senate and the House of Representatives. The senate and House of Representatives make up the legislative branch of the government. Meanwhile, the judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts. While English is the official language and the main language in Washington dc, Ottawa has both English and French as the two official languages. Due to the immigration of people from all various parts of the world to Canada and the United States, there are other languages used, albeit in the few minority ethnicities CITATION Mil11 l 1033 (Miller, 2011). The immigrants from Great Britain came with the English language to United States and most parts of Canada. However, in some Canadian provinces such as Quebec and cities such as Ontario and Ottawa, French is included as the official language since some of the provinces population is made up descendants of French settlers who had arrived there between 1500s and 1700s CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013). Since the French-speaking Canadians in the city wanted more protection for their culture and language, they sought to for the recognition and use of French language as part of the official language in Ottawa. Although both cities have a number of differences as mentioned above, they also exhibit several similarities. Firstly, Both Ottawa and Washington dc are capital cities of Canada and the United States respectively. Unlike other capitals such as London, Tokyo or Mexico City, both are not the unrivaled centers of gravity of their respective countries CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013). Fundamentally, both are political capitals and not cultural or economic capital cities. They are both government cities and not megacities. However, they both manage to maintain a cosmopolitan atmosphere and a profile of much bigger proportions than their own size. In addition, neither of them were their countries initial capitals. Although they both have neighborhoods that were formerly colonial towns, the two cities developed around national politics and for most of the time, the government was at the center of everything CITATION Swe02 l 1033 (Swerdlow, 2002). Both Ottawa and Washington dc exemplify a distinguishing North American federal urbanism. While both cities have a population of less than a million, they have several monuments, museums and embassies CITATION Swe02 l 1033 (Swerdlow, 2002). Tourist visit both cities to experience the historical foundations of the two North American countries, Canada, and the United States. Both Ottawa and Washington dc are filled with stylish Victorian houses and neoclassical public buildings. Additionally, they both have several impressively designed office blocks. For instance, Ottawa has a bureaucratic brutalist wonderland while in Washington dc there is the J. Edgar Hoover building at the pentagon’s scale CITATION Bel11 l 1033 (Belanger, 2011). The two cities have adopted approach to urban development that is centered on housing and amenities targeted to the professional classes, causing a wave of growth that has boosted a renaissance of downtown livability. Washington dc and Ottawa have a similar educational system. This includes a network of both public and private schools. Both cities have compulsory education requirements. In addition, the Canadian provinces and the United States have a 12-grade school system. There are universities and colleges in both cities. In terms of the rate of literacy, both the US and Canada have literacy rate of 97 percent CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013). The cultural influences of the United States and Canada, which are headquartered in Washington dc and Ottawa respectively, is strongest in the discipline of popular entertainment. Indeed, both the United States and Canada have had a profound impact throughout the world through their popular culture CITATION Bel11 l 1033 (Belanger, 2011). In the 1900s, the US was the world’s most dominant source of entertainment and trendy fashion, ranging from the t- shirts and the jeans to the television programs, movies and rock stars. Even nowadays, Hollywood has become synonymous with the film industry. On its part, the Canada film industry which receives backing from Ottawa, is renowned for its shakes hers festivals that are held annually in Ontario. Therefore, the entertainment cultures in both cities has greatly shaped and influenced the entertainment industry thought the world CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013). Being the citizens of two of the world’s wealthiest capital cities, people in both Ottawa and Washington dc enjoy a high standard of living. Due to their socioeconomic status or their level of educational income, the citizens of both cities have an advantage over the personal opportunities and choices. Due to the support systems in place that ensure agricultural surplus in both the United States and Canada, foods are fairly inexpensive. The housing varies considerably depending on the needs of families and individuals CITATION Bel11 l 1033 (Belanger, 2011). They range from suburban houses to multifamily row houses to high rise apartments. References   Barret, M. (2013). Interculturalism and multiculturalism: similarities and differences. London: Council of Europe. Belanger, D.-C. (2011). Prejudice and Pride: Canadian Intellectuals Confront the United States, 1891-1945. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Forsey, E. A. (2010). How Canadians govern themselves. Ottawa: Library of Parliament. Miller, K. (2011). FOLLOWING THE AMERICAN LEAD: CANADA’S DIPLOMACY. Wellington: Heritage. Swerdlow, J. L. (2002). The cultural geography of the united states and Canada. New York: National Geographic. Source document